Elicitation with Bacillus QV15 reveals a pivotal role of F3H on flavonoid metabolism improving adaptation to biotic stress in blackberry

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the involvement of the flavonol-anthocyanin pathway on plant adaptation to biotic stress using the B.amyloliquefaciens QV15 to trigger blackberry metabolism and identify target genes to improve plant fitness and fruit quality. To achieve this goal, field-grown blackberries were root-inoculated with QV15 along its growth cycle. At fruiting, a transcriptomic analysis by RNA-Seq was performed on leaves and fruits of treated and non-treated field-grown blackberries after a sustained mildew outbreak; expression of the regulating and core genes of the Flavonol-Anthocyanin pathway were analysed by qPCR and metabolomic profiles by UHPLC/ESI-qTOF-MS; plant protection was found to be up to 88%. Overexpression of step-controlling genes in leaves and fruits, associated to lower concentration of flavonols and anthocyanins in QV15-treated plants, together with a higher protection suggest a phytoanticipin role for flavonols in blackberry; kempferol-3-Orutinoside concentration was strikingly high. Overexpression of RuF3H (Flavonol-3-hidroxylase) suggests a pivotal role in the coordination of committing steps in this pathway, controlling carbon flux towards the different sinks. Furthermore, this C demand is supported by an activation of the photosynthetic machinery, and boosted by a coordinated control of ROS into a sub-lethal range, and associated to enhanced protection to biotic stress.

Differential Triggering of the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathway Key Genes Transcription upon Cold Stress and Viral Infection in Tomato Leaves

“…The former stressor mostly upregulated the transcription of the core PBP (especially for PAL, C4H, and 4CL2 multi gene family), whereas the latter increased the transcription of flavonoid biosynthesis (CHS and FLS genes) (Figures 3-6). In agreement, viral infections are reported to produce a less profound imprint on the cellular metabolism as compared to cold stress [19,51]. We postulate that the recorded differences in the TP and TF accumulation, owing to the stimulation of the core PBP (indicated by the increased transcription of PAL, C4H, and several 4CL genes along with the increased PAL enzyme activity), results in an increased flow towards the production of antioxidant and protective metabolites such as flavonoids, even with a more constrained stimulation of the gene transcription of the flavonoid associated genes.…”

“…In addition, polyphenols serve other key roles. For instance, they act as signaling molecules controlling systemic physiological responses for the alleviation of the stress-induced metabolic deregulation [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Ayahuasca Beverages

“…The source temperature was 225 • C. The nebulizer and gas flow rates were 35 psig and 11 L/min respectively; the fragmentor voltage was set to 75 V and a radiofrequency voltage in the octopole (OCT RF Vpp) of 750 V was used. Chromatographic analysis was performed using optimized conditions developed by the Center of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO) [26,33,34].…”

Ayahuasca Beverages: Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Properties

“…The identification of secondary metabolites present in the vegetal samples was performed following a methodology previously developed by the Center of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO) based on analysis by UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS [ 88 , 89 ]. For that, a methanolic extraction was performed as follows: 300 μL of methanol was added to 30 mg lyophilized powder sample.…”