“…EFL paradigm is so prevalent in Turkey that in 2011, the government and MONE launched "Turkey to Hire" project which aimed to recruit 40000 native speaker teachers to work collaboratively with local EFL teachers in schools (see Coşkun, 2013). ELF research in Turkey has so far investigated the conceptualization and use of ELF from perspectives of in-service English language teachers İnceçay & Akyel, 2014;Karakaya & Hatipoğlu, 2017;, pre-service teachers and faculty members in ELT programs (İnal & Özdemir, 2015;Kaçar & Bayyurt, 2018;Kemaloglu-Er & Bayyurt, 2016;Öztürk, Altınmakas & Çeçen, 2009), and students (Kaypak & Ortaçtepe, 2014). To best of our knowledge, only Akar (2002) conducted a large-scale study on the use of English by business professionals in Turkey, but not from the perspective of BELF.…”