Eleventh Spiers Memorial Lecture. Structural models for molten salts and their mixtures

Brønsted Acidity and the Medium: Fundamentals with a Focus on Ionic Liquids

“…4 An error in the corresponding equation in reference [138] does not affect the comparisons. 5 In the 1950s, HCl gas was used to prevent the hydrolysis of Li + in the common molten salt LiCl-KCl eutectic; [142] it imparted a pale-yellow colour to the liquid and was electroactive and somewhat difficult to remove. Later it was shown that HCl gas was readily absorbed by organic chlorides to form liquid salts of [HCl 2 ] À , [143] which was isolated in solid salts in 1903.…”

“…If HA is vola-tile, its solubility in the liquid must be obtained. 5 Figure 5 presents data obtained from intersolvent potential measurements for two individual, mixed composition, liquid salts: lithium/potassium chloride and lithium/sodium sulfate. [145]…”

Diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopic study of interactions of α-Al2O3/molten alkali nitrate coexisting systems

“…Greenberg and Hallgreen [43] observed that in general, the fundamental frequencies shifted to lower energies as the temperature was raised, but no uniform change with temperature was detected for the combination or overtone bands. Bloom [44] demonstrated that the melting of solid salts leads to a considerably greater increase in volume than in the case of metals. The author also compared the interionic distances of like-charge and unlike-charge ions.…”

“…The vibrational spectra of mono-, di-, and trivalent metal nitrates in aqueous, crystalline, and molten solution have been widely studied by many researchers [29,30,43,44,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Investigations into the structure have been so far focused upon the splitting of the asymmetric stretching mode ν 3 due to the loss of degeneracy of the E mode and the variation in ν 1 (A 1 ) as criteria for the D 3h -C 2ν symmetry transition for NO − 3 ions [30,45,48,49].…”

“…The broadening and shift of ν 1 + ν 2 and ν 1 + ν 4 are related to the loss of degeneracy of the ν 3 (E ) mode. Infrared studies of inorganic nitrates [43,44] have shown that the loss of degeneracy of ν 3 (E ) affects two frequencies, ν 4 (E ) and ν 1 (A 1 ) (both C 2ν ). Hadjiivanov [24] has shown that the splitting of the ν 3 mode into two bands, ν as (NO 2 ) and ν s (NO 2 ), makes the ν 1 mode IR active.…”