Eleven new species of crustose lichenized fungi from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Abstract

Eleven new species of crustose, lichenized fungi are described from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). Nine species are saxicolous, whereas Lecania vermispora occurs on the stems of Hebe elliptica and Tephromela lignicola is lignicolous on fence posts. The new species are: Bacidia marina, with a sordid blue-green K−, N+ violet epihymenium and acicular, multiseptate ascospores; B. pruinata, with pruinose apothecia and multiseptate ascospores; Buellia gypsyensis, with a thallus containing 5-O-methylhiascic acid and with Amandinea-type conidia; Cliostomum albidum, with pruinose apothecia lacking pigments; C. longisporum, with long narrow ascospores (c. 20 × 3 µm); Coccotrema rubromarginatum, with a placodioid thallus having a red-brown margin and lower surface; Hymenelia microcarpa, with minute, immersed apothecia (<0·1 mm diam.) and a trebouxioid photobiont; Lecania vermispora, with vermiform, 3–6 septate ascospores; Lepra argentea, with papillate isidia with dark caps; Rhizocarpon malvinae, which is similar to R. reductum but with a grey thallus, generally sessile apothecia with a thick raised margin and often with the Cinereorufa-green pigment in the epithecium and upper exciple; and Tephromela lignicola, a sterile, sorediate species on fence posts. Most of these species are reported only from the Falkland Islands although Coccotrema rubromarginatum is also reported from Isla de los Estados and Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Ascoconidia are reported from Lepra argentea and cephalodia from Pertusaria pachythallina. Keys to the species reported from the Falkland Islands in the genera of the newly described species are also provided.

Catálogo de líquenes (y algunos hongos relacionados) de la isla Navarino, Reserva de la Biosfera Cabo de Hornos, Chile

“…Growing on pebbles in a stream together with Verrucaria margacea. None of the species described and keyed out from the Falkland Islands (Fryday, 2019a) fits well with this one.…”

“…With Lecanora rupicola on rocks near to the coast. Recorded from the Falkland Islands (Fryday, 2019a;Fryday et al 2019) as endemic.…”

“…With sunken apothecia in a crustose, grey colored, areolate thallus with I-medulla, subhymenium inspersed, ascospores polarilocular when young. Recorded from the Falkland Islands (Fryday, 2019a).…”

New scientific discoveries: Plants and fungi

“…The new species were discovered in a range of diverse locations including high altitude tea plantations in Sri Lanka, the Altai Mountains in Russia and various islands such as the Falklands (Malvinas), Galapagos, and Lord Howe (Archer & Elix, 2019; Bungartz & Spielmann, 2019; Fryday, 2019; Weerakoon, Aptroot, Lücking, Arachchige, & Wijesundara, 2019; Yakovchenko, Davydov, Ohmura, & Printzen, 2019; Figure 4c). In two of the most globally threatened tropical biomes—the seasonally dry tropical forests of Mexico and the Atlantic forests in Northeast Brazil—multiple species descriptions were concentrated in the orders Arthoniales and Ostropales (de Lima et al, 2019; de los Ángeles Herrera‐Campos et al., 2019).…”

Three overlooked species of Bacidia from insular Laurimacaronesia

“…In addition, there is precedent for provisionally treating species as members of historically heterogeneous genera awaiting phylogenetic and taxonomic clarification, recent examples being, e.g. Lecidea coriacea Holien & Palice (Holien et al 2016), Bacidia gullahgeechee Lendemer (Lendemer 2018), Bacidia pruinata Fryday (Fryday 2019) and Lecidea streveleri T. Sprib. (Spribille et al 2020).…”