Elevational distribution and species diversity of freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) in Çankırı region (Turkey)

Abstract

We investigated how the richness and ecological characteristics of non-marine ostracod species varied across nine 100-m elevation bands (from 549 to 1457 m) in theÇankırı region. We collected a total of 37 taxa (25 living and 12 sub-recent) from 114 of 130 aquatic sites sampled during September of 2011; 34 of the taxa were new records for the region. Eight widely distributed 'cosmopolitan' species (Candona neglecta, Cypridopsis vidua, Heterocypris incongruens, Ilyocypris bradyi, Limnocythere inopinata, Potamocypris villosa, Prionocypris zenkeri, and Psychrodromus olivaceus) were found more frequently than other species. The first two axes of canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) explained 73.2% of the correlation between 11 species and 5 environmental variables. Of which, electrical conductivity (F D 3.99, p D 0.028) and altitude (F D 2.69, p D 0.004) were the most explanatory (p < 0.05) variables for species. Optimum altitude and water temperature values of the cosmopolitan species were relatively higher than the other species. Significant regression models (p < 0.01, r 2 D 0.81) indicate that the frequency of occurrence was affected by changes in numbers of samplings sites from 549 to 1457 m. When highest numbers of species (15 spp.) were found at the range of 1231À1332 m, numbers of asexual species (10 spp.) were twice of the sexual species (5 spp.) with no statistical difference between numbers of swimming (7 spp.) and non-swimming (8 spp.) species. Results were discussed based on the ecological conditions that individual species prefer.

On the relationship between the occurrence of ostracod species and elevation in Sakarya province, Turkey

“…Also, swimming or non swimming species were reported from all of the elevational ranges in the current study. A similar result was reported by Külköylüoğlu et al (2016). The above information enforce the active distribution of ostracods occur in the same habitat but passive distributions happens over geographical ranges.…”

“…Canonical Correspondence Analysis results herein (Fig. 2) partially support the findings of Külköylüoğlu et al (2012b), Yavuzatmaca et al (2015), Külköylüoğlu et al (2016) and Külköylüoğlu et al (2017a). In these previous studies, water temperature (Tw), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, elevation (Elev.)…”

“…Similar results were also reported previously (e.g., see Külköylüoğlu (2004), Nagorskaya & Keyser (2005), Pıerı et al (2009), Akdemİr & Külköylüoğlu (2011), Yavuzatmaca et al (2015) and Yavuzatmaca et al (2017)). On the other hand, Külköylüoğlu et al (2016) emphasized the significant relationships (p < 0.01) between the frequency of occurrence and number of sampled sites in some elevational ranges. This is not the case in the current study, e.g., the most commonly encountered species herein H. incongruens showed occurrence frequency like 6, 7, 5 and 4 in 23, 13, 9 and 6 sampling sites, respectively.…”

Comparative analyses of non-marine ostracods (Crustacea) among water basins in Turkey

“…As previously stated (e.g., KÜlkÖylÜoğlu et al 2012c, Yavuzatmaca et al 2017a, the high species diversity was reported in the mid-elevational interval in the present study (Table 2). Whereas the finding of high diversity at low (e.g., Pèrez et al 2015 and high (e.g., KÜlkÖylÜoğlu et al 2012aKÜlkÖylÜoğlu et al , 2016 elevational intervals are also available in the literature. The difference between the present study and previous ones is the difference in the elevation ranges used.…”

Ostracoda (Crustacea) species composition and environmental correlatesin different aquatic habitats of the Zonguldak and Bartın regions (Turkey)

“…On the other hand, the average number of species per sampling site is higher in these regions than many others with similar species composition. For example, Külköylüoğlu et al (2016) recently reported 25 species from 114 sites in Çankırı (Turkey), wherein the number of species per site (0.219) was the lowest among those listed in Table 3. In contrast, there were 18 species found from 42 sites in Zonguldak where the number of species per site was about two times (0.429) greater than in Çankırı.…”