Elevation of serum pancreatic amylase and distortion of pancreatic cyto-architecture in type 1 diabetes mellitus rats treated with Ocimum gratissimum

Abstract

Background:Diabetes mellitus has been shown to cause severe impairment in exocrine pancreatic function and cyto-architecture. Ocimum grattissimum has been reported to lower blood glucose levels in experimental diabetic animals. This study, therefore, aims to investigate if treatment with O. grattissimum can alleviate these pancreatic complications of diabetes mellitus. The phytoconstituents and median lethal dose of the plant extract were determined.Materials and Methods:Eighteen rats were divided into three groups of six rats each. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin. Group 1 was the control and were given normal feed only; Group 2 was of diabetic untreated rats, while Group 3 was O. grattissimum-treated diabetic rats at a dose of 1,500 mg/kg. After 28 days, blood was collected by cardiac puncture of the anaesthetised animals and the serum was obtained for analysis of serum pancreatic amylase. Permanent preparations using routine biopsy method were employed for histological preparations.Results:Results showed that the level of pancreatic serum amylase in the test groups (diabetic and diabetic-treated) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group, while the diabetic-treated group was significantly lower than the diabetic group. Atrophic acinar tissue without β-cells was noted in the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups. Patchy areas of necrosis, oedematous interstitium, haemorrhagic and necrotic acinar cells were present in diabetic-treated groups.Conclusion:Direct association exists between the hyperglycaemic state caused by diabetes mellitus and the elevation of the serum pancreatic amylase and distortion of pancreatic cyto-achitecture. O. grattissimum-treatment reduced serum pancreatic amylase level to near normal and limit the extent of structural damage.

Screening of metabolites from endophytic fungi of some Nigerian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activities

“…Various scientific studies have shown that N. Laevis possesses antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimalarial activities (11)(12)(13)(14). O. gratissimum has been reported to show antidiabetic, antioxidant, anxiolytic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antitumor, gastroprotective, hypolipidemic, insecticidal, nematicidal, and antibacterial activities (4,5,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Also, scientific reports have revealed that C. papaya possesses immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antihelmintic, anticancer, wound healing, anti-fertility, abortifacient, diuretic, antihypertensive and antimalarial properties (10,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39).…”

Chemical Profile of Essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Drug Resistance-modifying Activity by Gaseous Contact Method

“…9 Also, there are reports of the use of O. gratissimum to treat upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, conjunctivitis and skin diseases. 10 Various scientific studies have identified some of the plant's activities, such as antidiabetic, 11 antioxidant, 12 anxiolytic, 13 sedative, 14 antiinflammatory, 15 hepatoprotective, 16 antitumor, 17 gastroprotective, 18 and hypolipidemic. 19 The antibacterial activity of this plant species has been described in many studies that tested various parts of the plant: extract of leaves, 20 oil from leaves, 21 extract of leaves and stem, 22 oil from aerial parts, 23 and oil from leaves, stem and roots.…”

The Role of Serum Alpha-Amylase and Glycogen Synthase in the Anti-Diabetic Potential of Terminalia catappa Aqueous Leaf Extract in Diabetic Wistar Rats

“…Ketoacidosis which is accompanied by severely insufficient insulin action is associated with high level alpha amylase instead of decrease before insulin therapy is initiated [43]. It was however remarked by Akpan and colleagues [44] that the increase in amylase enzyme observed in their study in type 1 diabetes could be a compensatory response triggered in diabetes ketoacidosis. This view was in consonance with previous work in paediatrics by Quiros [45].…”