Elevation of intracellular Zn2+ level by nanomolar concentrations of triclocarban in rat thymocytes

Morita, Junpei; Teramachi, Aoi; Sanagawa, Yosuke; Toyson, Saramaiti; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Oyama, Yasuo

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.10.012

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In the human study, the highest triclocarban concentrations observed were 240 nM and 530 nM in two subjects of six volunteers. In our study (Morita et al, 2012), we found that nanomolar concentrations (100-500 nM) of triclocarban significantly increased the intracellular Zn 2+ concentration in rat thymocytes. Intracellular Zn 2+ release, which results in an increase in the intracellular Zn 2+ concentration, occurs when cells are under oxidative stress (Matsui et al, 2010;Kinazaki et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Triclocarban at concentrations of 50-500 nM augmented the FluoZin-3 fluorescence of rat thymocytes in a concentration-dependent manner (Morita et al, 2012), suggesting a triclocarban-mediated concentrationdependent increase in the intracellular Zn 2+ concentration. Furthermore, triclocarban at 300-1000 nM attenuated 5-CMF fluorescence (Fig.…”

Section: Toxicological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Nanomolar concentration of triclocarban increases the vulnerability of rat thymocytes to oxidative stress

et al. 2013

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-It was recently reported that triclocarban was absorbed significantly from soap used during showering in human subjects and that its C max in their whole blood ranged from 23 nM to 530 nM. We revealed that a nanomolar concentration (300 nM) of triclocarban potentiated the cytotoxicity of 300 μM H 2 O 2 in rat thymocytes by using cytometric techniques with appropriate fluorescent probes. Although 300 nM triclocarban did not itself increase the population of dead cells (cell lethality), it facilitated the process of cell death induced by H 2 O 2 , resulting in a further increase in the population of dead cells. Nanomolar concentrations (300 nM or higher) of triclocarban significantly decreased the cellular content of nonprotein thiol (glutathione), which has a protective role against oxidative stress. Triclocarban at 300 nM or higher increased the cell vulnerability to oxidative stress. The results may suggest that nanomolar concentration (300 nM or higher) of triclocarban affects some cellular functions although there is no evidence for adverse effects of triclocarban in humans at present.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Toxicological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nanomolar concentration of triclocarban increases the vulnerability of rat thymocytes to oxidative stress

et al. 2013

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“…Morita et al [126] showed no cell lethality after the incubation of rat thymocytes with TCC at concentrations ranging from 30 to 500 nM for 1 h. The incubation with TCC at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1 μM for 1 h did not affect the viability of rat thymocytes [128]. Another study by Kanbara et al [129] showed an increase in cell lethality when rat thymocytes were incubated with 10 μM TCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two similar studies suggested the production of reactive oxygen species in rat thymocytes after an incubation time of 1 h to 300 nM or higher concentrations of TCC [126,129]. On the contrary, Fukunaga and coworkers [128] supposed that the same cells recovered the initial loss of cellular glutathione as a biomarker of oxidative stress in the continued presence of 300 nM TCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on several eukaryotic cell lines: elucidating cytotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and reactive oxygen species generation

et al. 2014

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To date, only a few reports about studies on toxic effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) are available, and their results are often controversial. Three different cell lines (rainbow trout liver cells (RTL-W1), human adrenocortical carcinoma cells (T47Dluc), and human adrenocarcinoma cells (H295R)) were exposed to multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the antimicrobial agent triclocarban (TCC) as well as the mixture of both substances in a concentration range of 3.13 to 50 mg CNT/L, 31.25 to 500 μg TCC/L, and 3.13 to 50 mg CNT/L + 1% TCC (percentage relative to carbon nanotubes concentration), respectively. Triclocarban is a high-production volume chemical that is widely used as an antimicrobial compound and is known for its toxicity, hydrophobicity, endocrine disruption, bioaccumulation potential, and environmental persistence. Carbon nanotubes are known to interact with hydrophobic organic compounds. Therefore, triclocarban was selected as a model substance to examine mixture toxicity in this study. The influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on various toxicological endpoints was specified: neither cytotoxicity nor endocrine disruption could be observed after exposure of the three cell lines to carbon nanotubes, but the nanomaterial caused intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in all cell types. For TCC on the other hand, cell vitality of 80% could be observed at a concentration of 2.1 mg/L for treated RTL-W1 cells. A decrease of luciferase activity in the ER Calux assay at a triclocarban concentration of 125 μg/L and higher was observed. This effect was less pronounced when multiwalled carbon nanotubes were present in the medium. Taken together, these results demonstrate that multiwalled carbon nanotubes induce the production of reactive oxygen species in RTL-W1, T47Dluc, and H295R cells, reveal no cytotoxicity, and reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of the biocide triclocarban.

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Triclocarban-induced change in intracellular Ca2+ level in rat thymocytes: Cytometric analysis with Fluo-3 under Zn2+-free conditions

Miura¹,

Chen²,

Yamada³

et al. 2014

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Elevation of intracellular Zn2+ level by nanomolar concentrations of triclocarban in rat thymocytes

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Nanomolar concentration of triclocarban increases the vulnerability of rat thymocytes to oxidative stress

Nanomolar concentration of triclocarban increases the vulnerability of rat thymocytes to oxidative stress

Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on several eukaryotic cell lines: elucidating cytotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and reactive oxygen species generation

Triclocarban-induced change in intracellular Ca2+ level in rat thymocytes: Cytometric analysis with Fluo-3 under Zn2+-free conditions

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