Elevation of Circulating miR-210 Participates in the Occurrence and Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications

Abstract

Objective. Circulating miRNAs are acclaimed biomarkers to predict the occurrence and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study is aimed at analyzing the correlation of circulating miR-210 level and obesity-associated T2DM and then investigating the underlying mechanism of circulating miR-210 in T2DM. Methods. Totally, 137 serum samples from patients with T2DM were collected; meanwhile, the demographic, general, and clinical hematological characteristics, disease history, and dietary patterns were recorded. The miR-210 level in exosomes from serum was detected by qRT-PCR. Then, the correlations of BMI or miR-210 level with patients’ clinical characteristics were analyzed. Furthermore, the miR-210 level was detected in T2DM related various cells under high glucose condition. Meanwhile, the expression of carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was measured by western blotting. Results. The miR-210 level in exosomes from serum was obviously elevated in the BMI > 24 group compared with the BMI ≤ 24 group. Higher BMI was correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism and impaired liver function as well as higher miR-210 level. Notably, higher miR-210 level was also correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism, disease history, and dietary patterns. In addition, compared with normal cells, high glucose increased the miR-210 level in exosomes from cell culture supernatants as well as cells in HUVEC, VSMC, RAW 264.7, 3 T3-L1, SMC, and Beta-TC-6 cells, while it reduced the expression of ChREBP and HIF-1α. Conclusions. Circulating miR-210 level was closely correlated with obesity-associated T2DM. Furthermore, higher miR-210 level might be implicated in the occurrence and development of T2DM and its complications.

Adipose‐derived miRNAs as potential biomarkers for predicting adulthood obesity and its complications: A systematic review and bioinformatic analysis

“…All, except five, studies used a case-control design, including five cohort studies. Studies on patients with obesity were conducted in Spain [19][20][21][22][23] , Korea [24][25][26][27] , Singapore 28 , China [29][30][31][32][33] , the United States [34][35][36] , Algeria 37 , The Netherlands 38,39 , U.A.R. (Egypt) 40,41 , Iran 42 , Ireland 43 , Turkey 44 , Italy 45 , Kuwait 46 , and New Zealand 47 .…”

“…Seven studies focused on women 25,26,35,36,38,41,47 , and two studies focused on men 23,37 . The experimental group primarily consisted of individuals with a BMI ≥ 25–30 kg/m 2 19,20,22–27,29,30,33,35,38,40–44,48 based on the adult obesity and overweight diagnostic criteria 49,50 . miRNAs were mainly detected through NGS and RT‐PCR using serum, plasma, and/or whole blood samples.…”

“…Twenty-seven studies failed to indicate whether they excluded major disorders such as tumors and serious heart conditions. These studies focused primarily on adipose secretion miRNAs 16,19,[21][22][23]27,29,30,32,36,38,39,43,53,57,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] . Seventeen studies did not specify the selection criteria for patients with obesity but met all other criteria prescribed by the World Health Organization, including BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 21,24,28,31,32,34,36,37,39,41,45,46,70-72 .…”

Review of microRNAs and lncRNAs in atherosclerosis, diabetes, and other inflammatory conditions

“…Plasma levels of miR-210 were elevated in patients with T2DM compared to healthy controls [73]. In another study, higher levels also correlated with higher BMI in T2DM patients [74]. Amr and colleagues reported increased plasma miR-210 levels in T2DM patients compared to healthy controls, as well as higher levels in T2DM patients with CHD compared to those without CHD [75].…”

A Review of MicroRNAs and lncRNAs in Atherosclerosis as Well as Some Major Inflammatory Conditions Affecting Atherosclerosis

“…Plasma levels of miR-210 were elevated in patients with T2DM compared to healthy controls [ 82 ]. In another study, higher levels also correlated with higher BMI in T2DM patients [ 83 ]. Amr and colleagues reported increased plasma miR-210 levels in T2DM patients compared to healthy controls, as well as higher levels in T2DM patients with CHD compared to those without CHD [ 84 ].…”