Elevating the fuel properties of Humulus lupulus, Plumeria alba and Calophyllum inophyllum L. through wet torrefaction

Yang, Wei; Shimanouchi, Toshinori; Iwamura, Miki; Takahashi, Yuki; Mano, Ryota; Takashima, Kohei; Tanifuji, Tatsuya; Kimura, Yukitaka

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.005

Cited by 51 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…After HTC treatment, the surface morphology and physical structure of hydrochars become rougher with the increase in HTC temperature and residence time; however, different findings were observed in hydrochar produced at 180°C for 120 min ( figure 3 b ). This phenomenon is attributed to the decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin [ 29 , 45 ] above 220°C. At 180°C for 120 min, biomass degradation occurred at the surface of the biomass because of mild HTC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of hydrochars from macadamia nut shell via hydrothermal carbonization

Fan¹,

Yang²,

Han³

et al. 2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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Macadamia nut shell (MNS) is a type of waste lignocellulose obtained from macadamia nut production processing. Large MNS wastes caused serious resource waste and environmental pollution. So, preparation of hydrochars from MNS via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is of great significance. HTC of MNS was conducted to study the effect of process parameters, including HTC temperature (180–260°C) and residence time (60–180 min) on the properties of hydrochars. Results showed that the increase in HTC temperature and residence time decreased the mass yield of hydrochars and increased the high heating value of hydrochars. Furthermore, the C content of hydrochars increased, whereas the H and O contents decreased. Mass yield of hydrochar is 46.59%, energy yield is 64.55% and the higher heating value is 26.02 MJ kg−1 at a temperature of 260°C and time of 120 min. The surface structure of hydrochars was rougher compared with that of MNS as observed via scanning electron microscopy. The chemical and combustion behaviour of MNS and hydrochars was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that decarboxylation and dehydration reactions were the predominant pathways during the HTC process. Results showed that HTC can facilitate the transformation of MNS into solid fuel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of hydrochars from macadamia nut shell via hydrothermal carbonization

Fan¹,

Yang²,

Han³

et al. 2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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show abstract

“…On the other hand, as already stated in this work, no torrefaction data on the hops waste have been published to date. Hops waste is a perennial dioecious plant, H. lupulus, grown mainly for the cones that are used in the brewing and pharmaceutical industries [80]. The leaves and stem materials are left unused and are transported to disposal sites for burning [81].…”

Section: Characterization Of the Raw And Torrefied Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Kinetics and Thermodynamic Parameters of Lignocellulosic Biomass Subjected to the Torrefaction Process

et al. 2021

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The torrefaction process upgrades biomass characteristics and produces solid biofuels that are coal-like in their properties. Kinetics analysis is important for the determination of the appropriate torrefaction condition to obtain the best utilization possible. In this study, the kinetics (Friedman (FR) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) isoconversional methods) of two final products of lignocellulosic feedstocks, miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus) and hops waste (Humulus Lupulus), were studied under different heating rates (10, 15, and 20 °C/min) using thermogravimetry (TGA) under air atmosphere as the main method to investigate. The results of proximate and ultimate analysis showed an increase in HHV values, carbon content, and fixed carbon content, followed by a decrease in the VM and O/C ratios for both torrefied biomasses, respectively. FTIR spectra confirmed the chemical changes during the torrefaction process, and they corresponded to the TGA results. The average Eα for torrefied miscanthus increased with the conversion degree for both models (25–254 kJ/mol for FR and 47–239 kJ/mol for the KAS model). The same trend was noticed for the torrefied hops waste samples; the values were within the range of 14–224 kJ/mol and 60–221 kJ/mol for the FR and KAS models, respectively. Overall, the Ea values for the torrefied biomass were much higher than for raw biomass, which was due to the different compositions of the torrefied material. Therefore, it can be concluded that both torrefied products can be used as a potential biofuel source.

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“…Biocrude is of low quality but can be upgraded through supercritical fluid treatment, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, esterification, emulsification, or steam reformation . The fuel properties of biochar are significantly elevated compared with those of raw biomass; its caloric values can sometimes be comparable with those of commercial coal. − To clarify the hydrolysis mechanism of biomass in subcritical water, Pinkowska et al investigated the hydrolysis mechanism of xylan that had served as a model of hemicellulose in subcritical water . They suggested that the hydrolysis of xylan in subcritical water consisted of (i) depolymerization and cleavage of acetyl groups in xylan to produce xylose, arabinose, and acetic acid and (ii) dehydration and retro-aldol condensation of obtained pentoses to form 2-furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), glycolaldehyde, and glyceraldehyde.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Holocellulose and Lignin during Hydrolysis of Sawdust in Subcritical Water

Yang

Fang

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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To clarify the interactions between holocellulose and lignin, the hydrolysis behaviors of sawdust, holocellulose, lignin, and holocellulose–lignin mixture (HLM) in subcritical water were investigated in the present study, where HLM acted as a model of sawdust without covalent linkages between holocellulose and lignin. Holocellulose in sawdust showed negligible effects on lignin at low reaction temperatures, whereas it might promote the hydrolysis of lignin at higher reaction temperatures. In contrast, the hydrolysis of holocellulose in sawdust was inhibited by lignin due to the high bond dissociation energies of covalent linkages between them. The destruction of covalent linkages mainly occurred at the reaction temperatures of 273–315 °C, due to the high activation energy at this temperature range. However, they could barely be destroyed at the reaction temperatures of 192–273 °C. The lignin inhibited the ring scission and glycosidic bond cleavage of holocellulose, resulting in lower yields of total carbohydrates and furan derivates than those of HLM. In addition, it also suppressed the decomposition of holocellulose hydrolysate to levoglucosenone and aromatic-linked chars. The above results could provide the basis for developing models for predicting product distribution during the hydrolysis of biomass.

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Elevating the fuel properties of Humulus lupulus, Plumeria alba and Calophyllum inophyllum L. through wet torrefaction

Cited by 51 publications

References 29 publications

Preparation and properties of hydrochars from macadamia nut shell via hydrothermal carbonization

Preparation and properties of hydrochars from macadamia nut shell via hydrothermal carbonization

Determination of the Kinetics and Thermodynamic Parameters of Lignocellulosic Biomass Subjected to the Torrefaction Process

Interactions between Holocellulose and Lignin during Hydrolysis of Sawdust in Subcritical Water

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