Elevated stream trace and minor element concentrations in the foreland of receding tropical glaciers

Fortner, Sarah K.; Mark, Bryan G.; McKenzie, Jeffrey M.; Bury, Jeffrey; Trierweiler, Annette M.; Baraër, Michel; Burns, Patrick J.; Munk, LeeAnn

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.06.003

Cited by 73 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Since mining operations generally occur at high elevations in the headwaters of rivers (Bebbington and Bury, 2009), these pollutants have the potential to affect large portions of rivers downstream. Water quality can also drastically decline due to glacier retreat as sulfide-rich formations may become exposed and start to leach into glacial streams (Fortner et al, 2011). In the Peruvian Cordillera Blanca, for example, some of the streams sampled by Fortner et al (2011) have Pb and Ni concentrations that significantly exceed Peruvian drinking water standards or the water quality standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO).…”

Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water quality can also drastically decline due to glacier retreat as sulfide-rich formations may become exposed and start to leach into glacial streams (Fortner et al, 2011). In the Peruvian Cordillera Blanca, for example, some of the streams sampled by Fortner et al (2011) have Pb and Ni concentrations that significantly exceed Peruvian drinking water standards or the water quality standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Similarly other ions such as Al, Fe or the water pH exceed standards suggested for human consumption (Fortner et al, 2011).…”

Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Peruvian Cordillera Blanca, for example, some of the streams sampled by Fortner et al (2011) have Pb and Ni concentrations that significantly exceed Peruvian drinking water standards or the water quality standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Similarly other ions such as Al, Fe or the water pH exceed standards suggested for human consumption (Fortner et al, 2011). The fact that glacier retreat will lead to a reduction in dry season streamflow, further exacerbates the problem, as pollutants will become more concentrated during this season (Fortner et al, 2011).…”

Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Vuille

Carey

Huggel

et al. 2018

Earth-Science Reviews

232

210

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Glaciers in the tropical Andes have been retreating for the past several decades, leading to a temporary increase in dry season water supply downstream. Projected future glacier shrinkage, however, will lead to a long-term reduction in dry season river discharge from glacierized catchments. This glacier retreat is closely related to the observed increase in high-elevation, surface air temperature in the region. Future projections using a simple freezing level height-equilibrium-line altitude scaling approach suggest that glaciers in the inner tropics, such as Antizana in Ecuador, may be most vulnerable to future warming while glaciers in the more arid outer tropics, such as Zongo in Bolivia, may persist, albeit in a smaller size, throughout the 21st century regardless of emission scenario. Nonetheless many uncertainties persist, most notably problems with accurate snowfall measurements in the glacier accumulation zone, uncertainties in establishing accurate thickness measurements on glaciers, unknown future changes associated with local-scale circulation and cloud cover affecting glacier energy balance, the role of aerosols and in particular black carbon deposition on Andean glaciers, and the role of groundwater and aquifers interacting with glacier meltwater.The reduction in water supply for export-oriented agriculture, mining, hydropower production and human consumption are the most commonly discussed concerns associated with glacier retreat, but many other aspects including glacial hazards, tourism and recreation, and ecosystem integrity are also affected by glacier retreat. Social and political problems surrounding water allocation for subsistence farming have led to conflicts due to lack of adequate water governance. Local water management practices in many regions reflect cultural belief systems, perceptions and spiritual values and glacier retreat in some places is seen as a threat to these local livelihoods.Comprehensive adaptation strategies, if they are to be successful, therefore need to consider science, policy, culture and practice, and involve local populations. Planning needs to be based not only on future scenarios derived from physically-based numerical models, but must also consider societal needs, economic agendas, political conflicts, socioeconomic inequality and cultural values. This review elaborates on the need for adaptation as well as the challenges and constraints many adaptation projects are faced with, and lays out future directions where opportunities exist to develop successful, culturally acceptable and sustainable adaptation strategies.

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Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Vuille

Carey

Huggel

et al. 2018

Earth-Science Reviews

232

210

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…이렇게 성격이 다른 지류들이 본 류에 유입되어 혼합이 일어나면 본류의 수질이 변할 수 있 다 (Fortner, 2011;Shim, 2011). † To whom correspondence should be addressed.…”

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Influence of River Discharge Fluctuation and Tributary Mixing on Water Quality of Geum River, Korea

Shim¹,

Lee²

2015

Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment

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To study the influence of changes in river discharge on water quality of the main stem of the Geum River, we investigated variation of inflow load from tributaries with river discharge. We also studied the mixing behavior of pollutants during mixing of waters of the main stem and Gap Stream. For this study, we collected water quality data such as suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) representing pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon events of 2013 from a website of Water Information System. Based on inflow load, the Gap and Miho streams may be ones of tributaries which may largely influence water quality of main stem in upper river region. The Suksung and Nonsan Streams seemed to further affect water quality downstream. Results of modified EMMA indicated SS and TP may have another source(besides Gap Stream) at pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon period. In contrast, TN and organic matter (BOD, COD, TOC) were conservative at pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. However, when river discharge increased, these pollutants may also came from unspecified non-point sources. Therefore, we need to attempt to find non-point sources for the pollutants in the main channel of upper Geum River region.

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“…Thus, glaciers may act as a reservoir of anthropogenically derived elements that are released during melt (Fortner et al, 2009). Receding glaciers also expose readily weathered fresh bedrock and glacial till that may contribute to elevated metal concentrations in proglacial streams (Fortner et al, 2011). As the rate of glacier melt continues to accelerate, trace metal concentrations in meltwater need to be evaluated for contributions from atmospheric deposition and interactions with freshly weathered bedrock in the proglacial environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Atmospheric Deposition and Weathering on Trace Element Concentrations in Glacial Meltwater at Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, U.S.A.

Carling

Rupper

Fernández

et al. 2017

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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Elevated stream trace and minor element concentrations in the foreland of receding tropical glaciers

Cited by 73 publications

References 41 publications

Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead

Influence of River Discharge Fluctuation and Tributary Mixing on Water Quality of Geum River, Korea

Effect of Atmospheric Deposition and Weathering on Trace Element Concentrations in Glacial Meltwater at Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, U.S.A.

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