Elevated serum ghrelin, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 in congenital heart disease

Abstract

Serum ghrelin, TNF-α and IL-6 are elevated in children with CHD, and may play a role in the development and progression of CHD.

Body composition, appetite-related hormones, adipocytokines, and heart failure in adult patients with congenital heart disease: A preliminary study

“…Non‐CHD adults with HF reportedly have much lower ghrelin levels than those without HF . Moreover, plasma ghrelin levels are significantly high in children with CHD . Elevated ghrelin levels in these children might be related to malnutrition, growth retardation, and chronic shunt‐induced hypoxemia, wherein increased ghrelin might be a compensatory mechanism .…”

“…24,29 Moreover, plasma ghrelin levels are significantly high in children with CHD. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Elevated ghrelin levels in these children might be related to malnutrition, growth retardation, and chronic shunt-induced hypoxemia, wherein increased ghrelin might be a compensatory mechanism. [8][9][10][11][12][13] In contrast, the mechanism underlying low ghrelin levels in adult patients with Fontan circulation and those with cyanosis is likely distinct.…”

“…14,33 Several studies have reported that compared with healthy controls, IL-6 and TNF-a levels were elevated in children with CHD independently of the presence of cyanosis. [8][9][10][11] These adipocytokines are typically elevated in patients with HF and/or sarcopenia and are associated with declines in muscle mass and strength. 27…”

“…Reportedly, plasma ghrelin levels are significantly high in infants and children with CHD. [8][9][10][11][12][13] An elevated ghrelin level, which has a favorable effect on growth, might be a compensatory mechanism for malnutrition and growth retardation in these patients. [8][9][10][11] Moreover, promising results with several ghrelin agonists have already been reported in animal models of HF-related body wasting.…”

Determination of signal calcineurin pathway biomarkers significance in early myocardial changes in children with bicuspid aortic valve

“…З іншого боку, у багатьох дослідженнях виявлені зміни концентрацій білку S100 , що належить до сімейства кальмодулінів, при ураженнях мозку та гострих серцево-судинних подіях [13]. При розвитку ускладнень, пов'язаних з прогресуванням вроджених вад серця (ВВС) встановлені порушення цитокінового статусу у пацієнтів [14]. Виявлений вплив вмісту інтерлейкіну-2 (IL-2) та відповідних рецепторів на зміни геометрії камер серця у дітей при серцевій недостатності та підвищення концентрацій протизапальних цитокінів у дітей після оперативного лікування ВВС [15].…”