Elevated Serum Ferritin Levels in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

Zhang, Xuezhong; Su, Ailing; Hu, Mingqiu; Zhang, Xiuqun; Xu, Yanli

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.6099

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The process of neutrophils releasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) as an early inflammatory response is postulated to have important role in rosacea 35 . ROS leading to oxidative tissue damage is explained by the free radicals such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, in addition to other reactive molecules, such as molecular oxygen, hydrogen peroxide 39 , 40 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Iron levels in body specifically at cellular level should be maintained, as it catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to free radicals leading to tissue injury by damaging cellular membranes, more specifically the proteins and DNA. Iron that is not metabolized is stored as ferritin at the cellular level 35 . In a recent study, the biopsy specimens of skin from patients with rosacea were immune-histo-chemically analyzed, and the number of ferritin-positive cells was significantly higher in affected individuals compared with control subjects 36 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Major Pathophysiological Correlations of Rosacea: A Complete Clinical Appraisal

Vemuri¹,

Gundamaraju²,

Sekaran³

et al. 2015

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Background: Rosacea is a characteristic cutaneous disorder with a diverse clinical manifestations ranging from facial vascular hyper-reactivity to sebaceous gland hyperplasia. Many theories on pathophysiology of rosacea were proposed over the past decade, however the pathogenicity is poorly understood.Aim: To review the evidence on different pathophysiological correlations of rosacea.Methods: A literature search was conducted for studies published between 1990 to March 2014. The inclusion criteria was pathophysiology, randomized controlled trials, controlled trials on rosacea.Results: Out of 5141 articles, 14 high quality studies met all the selection criteria. Of 14 articles, 5 are randomized control trials (RCTs), 2 are controlled trial, 3 comparative trials, 2 observational trials, 1 prospective and 1 diagnostic trial. The studies were categorized into two groups: the trigger factors and sub-types & symptoms. Of 7 high quality studies, 4 provided strong evidence that immune responses causing disease triggered by external/internal factors such as sunlight, food and chemical agents, 3 trials provided significant evidence of microorganisms as causative agents. The remaining trials did not provide significant evidences on pathophysiology.Conclusion: Vasculature, chronic inflammatory responses, environmental triggers, food and chemicals ingested and microorganisms either alone or in combination are responsible for rosacea. Many promising drugs are under various phases of clinical trials and interestingly, probiotics could also possibly be used as one of the treatment option.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Pathophysiological Correlations of Rosacea: A Complete Clinical Appraisal

Vemuri¹,

Gundamaraju²,

Sekaran³

et al. 2015

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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“…Thus, DFOM reduces the antiapoptotic activity of iron and ferritin during the interaction of NK cells with targets such as MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. These results are very important for clinical practice as patients with chronic infectious diseases, such as chronic hepatitis and cancer, often have increased levels of iron and ferritin, that may impair the patient's immune surveillance (45)(46)(47)(48). Manipulation of iron and ferritin by nutrition and iron chelation may improve the anti-infectious and antitumor function of the immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Iron in Cancer Cells and Their Microenvironment Improves Cytolysis of Breast Cancer Cells by Natural Killer Cells

Jiang

Elliott

2017

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The association of iron with anticancer immunity is unclear. In order to determine the role of iron in anticancer immunity, we manipulated intracellular iron levels of the human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, and measured cytolysis of breast cancer cells by the natural killer cell line NK-92MI, nitric oxide (NO) production, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) production and gene expression of ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). We found that NK-92MI increased synthesis and release of NO and TNFα into the medium during co-culturing of NK-92MI cells with MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells. Addition of iron inhibited the cytolysis of the breast cancer cell lines. The iron chelator deferoxamine (DFOM) increased NK-92MI cytolysis to MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells. Iron reversed cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells induced by NO, released from S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (NO donor). Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that iron up-regulated the expression of FTH1 and iron chelator DFOM reduced FTH1 expression of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, increased iron in cancer cells and their microenvironment protects cancer cells from natural killer cell cytolysis by antagonizing NO- and TNFα-associated cytotoxicity and by up-regulation of ferritin expression in breast cancer cells. Conversely, a decrease in iron concentration caused by DFOM improves natural killer cytolysis of tumor cells.

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“…Multiple myeloma (MM) is not a rare disease, and is a research focus in China (Chen et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2012;Lin et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2014). It is reported that patients with MM could have symptoms, e.g., fractures, bone pain, and elevated blood calcium etc, caused by bone abnormalities (Lecouvet et al, 1999;Umeda et al, 2002;Terpos et al, 2003;Kitano et al, 2005;Harousseau et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%