Elevated Serum Advanced Glycation End Products and Poor Grip Strength in Older Community-Dwelling Women

Abstract

Background Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes, heart disease, and kidney failure, and may potential affect skeletal muscle. Whether AGEs are associated with poor muscle strength is unknown. Methods Serum carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), a dominant AGE, circulating receptor for AGEs (sRAGE), and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) and grip strength were measured in 559 moderately to severely disabled women, age ≥65 years, in the Women’s Health and Aging Study I in Baltimore, Maryland. Results Mean (SD) grip strength among women in the highest quartile of serum CML compared with women in the lower three quartiles was 18.6 and 20.0 kg, respectively (P = 0.002), adjusting for age, race, body mass index, cognitive dysfunction, depression, and diabetes. Serum sRAGE and esRAGE were not significantly associated with grip strength. Conclusion Women with high serum AGEs have greater muscle weakness. Further studies are needed to determine whether AGEs, a potentially modifiable risk factor, are associated with physical performance and disability in older adults.

The emergence of frailty and sarcopaenia in diabetes mellitus: description of inter-relationships and clinical importance

“…Advanced glycosylation end products AGEs are formed by the nonenzymatic glycosylation of protein adduct and are an important biochemical abnormality found in DM, signifying chronic glucose toxicity. AGEs accumulate in skeletal muscle in patients with DM and have been found to be associated with poor grip strength in older individuals [73]. These products have been postulated to play a role in sarcopaenia by increased inflammation, endothelial dysfunction in skeletal muscle microcirculation and cross-linking of collagen in skeletal muscle [74].…”

“…Dalal et al [73] Payne et al [74] Mitochondrial dysfunction Recent work has suggested that muscle mitochondrial function is reduced during the process of ageing, and that this may contribute towards insulin resistance. The benefits of exercise in improving insulin resistance have been reported previously; however, it may be that this is mediated at least in part by mitochondrial function.…”

The Achilles Tendinopathy: Pathogenesis Review

“…In-fact, even if some tendons may be unaffected [33] , there is often evidence of accumulated physical damage in ageing tendons, with increases in the amount of denaturated collagen and increased proteolytic cleavage of matrix components [34] . The effect of ageing on mechanical properties could be due to reduced arterial blood flow, local hypoxia, free radical production, impaired metabolism and nutrition, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) [35,36] ; such AGEs result from condensation of glucose and amino groups, best observed in diabetic patients [37] . Because the turnover of matrix proteins is generally very low, AGEs accumulate gradually with age [27] .…”

Kinetics of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine formation in aqueous model systems of sugars and casein

“…CML is present in both biological systems, such as plasma, urine, tissues, skin collagen and in many heat-processed foods. Previous studies showed the association between CML accumulation in the human body and diseases like cardiovascular diseases, sarcopenia, and renal diseases (Baumann, 2012;Dalal et al, 2009;Semba et al, 2009a,b). Dietary CML is an important contributor to the body's pool of CML (Luevano-Contreras & Chapman-Novakofski, 2010).…”