Elevated potassium intake inhibits neointimal proliferation in the swine coronary artery

Ma, Ge; Srivastava, Narain; Anderson, Peter G.; Grady, Andrew W.; Skelton, Thomas N.; Lyle, Kerry; Luo, Jianfang; Lin, Huabao; Waterer, H.C.; Hays, J.Clay; Young, David B.

doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(01)02187-2

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It has been speculated that this may be a result of the vasoprotective effect of potassium, because potassium supplementation has been shown to ameliorate vascular endothelial dysfunction in salt-loaded DS rats. 3 Also, Ma et al 4 clearly demonstrated that high-potassium intake inhibited neointimal formation in several vascular injury models, such as a balloon injury of rat carotid and swine coronary 5 arteries from animals without hypertension. Thus, dietary potassium may have vasoprotective mechanisms beyond the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect.…”

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confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Dietary Potassium Against Vascular Injury in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

et al. 2008

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Abstract-Hypertensive cardiovascular damage is accelerated by salt loading but counteracted by dietary potassium supplementation. We suggested recently that antioxidant actions of potassium contribute to protection against salt-induced cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, we examined whether potassium supplementation ameliorated cuff-induced vascular injury in salt-sensitive hypertension via suppression of oxidative stress. Four-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a normal-salt (0.3% NaCl), high-salt (8% NaCl), or high-salt plus high-potassium (8% KCl) diet for 5 weeks, and some of the rats fed a high-salt diet were also given antioxidants. One week after the start of the treatments, a silicone cuff was implanted around the femoral artery. Examination revealed increased cuff-induced neointimal proliferation with adventitial macrophage infiltration in arteries from salt-loaded Dahl salt-sensitive rats compared with that in arteries from non-salt-loaded animals (intima/media ratio: 0.471Ϯ0.070 versus 0.302Ϯ0.037; PϽ0.05), associated with regional superoxide overproduction and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activation and mRNA overexpression. On the other hand, simultaneous potassium supplementation attenuated salt-induced neointimal hyperplasia (intima/media ratio: 0.205Ϯ0.012; PϽ0.001), adventitial macrophage infiltration, superoxide overproduction, and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activation and overexpression. Antioxidants, which decrease vascular oxidative stress, also reduced neointima formation induced by salt excess. In conclusion, high-potassium diets seems to have a protective effect against the development of vascular damage induced by salt loading mediated, at least in part, through suppression of the production of reactive oxygen species probably generated by reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. Key Words: hypertension Ⅲ sodium Ⅲ potassium Ⅲ antioxidants Ⅲ arteries N umerous studies have demonstrated that excessive salt intake causes cardiovascular damage and that this was counteracted by potassium supplementation. 1 According to the earlier report, 2 salt loading reduced the survival rate of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats, a model of salt-sensitive hypertension, whereas potassium supplementation alleviated this salt-induced premature mortality, independent of its hypotensive action. It has been speculated that this may be a result of the vasoprotective effect of potassium, because potassium supplementation has been shown to ameliorate vascular endothelial dysfunction in salt-loaded DS rats. 3 Also, Ma et al 4 clearly demonstrated that high-potassium intake inhibited neointimal formation in several vascular injury models, such as a balloon injury of rat carotid and swine coronary 5 arteries from animals without hypertension. Thus, dietary potassium may have vasoprotective mechanisms beyond the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect. Although it has been shown in in vitro experiments that potassium inhibited migration 6 an...

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confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Dietary Potassium Against Vascular Injury in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

et al. 2008

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“…Only seven patients with hypokalemia and increased ectopic ventricular activity showed a reduction on this activity after potassium repletion. In contrast, in 16 hypertensive patients with a mean serum potassium concentration of 2.8 mEq/ L, there were no changes in the arrythogenic profile following correction of the serum potassium concentration (45,46).…”

Section: Diuretics-induced Hypokalemia Arrhythmia and Sudden Cardiamentioning

confidence: 77%

Metabolic Side Effects and Cardiovascular Events of Diuretics: Should a Diuretic Remain the First Choice Therapy in Hypertension Treatment? The Case of Yes

Papadopoulos

Papademetriou

2007

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension

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Essential hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated that the treatment of hypertension results in a substantial reduction of hypertension-related morbidity and mortality. The efficacy and safety of diuretics has been shown in many clinical trials. Like most other antihypertensive agents, the side effects of diuretics are mostly benign and mild. The metabolic side effects of diuretics, however, have been a bone of contention for a long time. In this paper, we describe the most important and frequent metabolic side effects of diuretics, and emphasize particularly the non-life-threatening effect of diuretics on ventricular arrhythmias due to their hypokalemic effect, the detection of the new onset diabetes (perhaps caused by the administration of diuretics itself), and their significant beneficial effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. At the end of the article, we highlighted the differences regarding the prescription of diuretics between the recently published American and European Guidelines of hypertension.

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“…Also, high potassium intake inhibited neointimal formation in several vascular injury models, such as a balloon injury of rat carotid [11] and swine coronary [12] arteries from animals without hypertension. We recently demonstrated that potassium supplement ameliorated excess salt-accentuated cardiovascular damages, such as cardiac diastolic dysfunction [13] and femoral arterial neointima hyperplasia induced by cuff placement [14] in Dahl S rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Dietary Potassium against Cardiovascular Damage in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension: Possible Role of its Antioxidant Action

Ando¹,

Matsui²,

Fujita

et al. 2010

CVP

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It is well known that high salt intake induces hypertension and cardiovascular damage, while dietary potassium supplementation counteracts these harmful effects. Actually, the protective effect of potassium is strengthened with excess salt as compared with salt depletion. Although the precise mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, in our previous reports, the antihypertensive effect of dietary potassium was accompanied by sympathetic nerve inhibition in salt-sensitive hypertension. Also, potassium supplement suppressed salt-induced insulin resistance. These effects of dietary potassium can explain its cardio-and vasculo-protective action in addition to the potassium supplementation-induced decrease saltinduced rise of blood pressure. On the other hand, salt-sensitive hypertension is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. Moreover, sympathoexcitation can be induced by central ROS upregulation and insulin resistance can be caused by ROS excess in the target organs of insulin, such as skeletal muscle. Conversely, the seemingly different actions of potassium can be explained by the antioxidant effect of dietary potassium; in our recent studies, potassium supplementation inhibits salt-induced progress of cardiac diastolic dysfunction and vascular neointima formation by cuff placement around arteries, associated with the inhibition of regional ROS overproduction, in salt-sensitive hypertension. Thus, it is possible that dietary potassium protects against salt-induced cardiovascular damage by the reduction of ROS generation and by central sympatholytic action and amelioration of insulin resistance induced through its antioxidant effect.

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Elevated potassium intake inhibits neointimal proliferation in the swine coronary artery

Abstract: These results support the hypothesis that a high level of dietary potassium intake inhibits neointimal proliferation after balloon angioplasty in the swine coronary artery.

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Protective Effect of Dietary Potassium Against Vascular Injury in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

Protective Effect of Dietary Potassium Against Vascular Injury in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

Metabolic Side Effects and Cardiovascular Events of Diuretics: Should a Diuretic Remain the First Choice Therapy in Hypertension Treatment? The Case of Yes

Protective Effect of Dietary Potassium against Cardiovascular Damage in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension: Possible Role of its Antioxidant Action

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