Elevated Plasma Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Soluble TNF Receptors, Interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-IO in Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

Abstract

Plasma levels of cytokines were measured by EIA in 15 subjects hospitalized with nephropathia epidemica, a European form of hantavirus-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 were increased in all patients at admission, and the concentration of IL-10 was increased in most. TNF-alpha concentrations were still increased 1 week after onset of disease; levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were normalized. TNF-alpha was undetectable by the WEHI cell assay in serum samples obtained throughout the acute phase of disease. Serum levels of the two soluble TNF receptors p55 and p75 correlated with levels of the cytokine, indicating that receptor binding may be the reason for lack of bioactivity in vitro. TNF-alpha is known to induce pathophysiologic and clinical changes similar to those seen in nephropathia epidemica and in diseases caused by other hantaviruses.

Elevation of cytokines associated with the thrombocytopenia of equine infectious anaemia.

“…Similar elevations of these cytokines are seen following infection with other lentiviruses (Maury & Lahdevirta, 1990 ;Allen et al, 1991 ;Lehmann et al, 1992), as well as non-retroviruses (Torre et al, 1994 ;Linderholm et al, 1996) Systemic levels of TNF-α clearly increase during clinical EIA. The elevated TNF-α levels found in bone marrow from Pre-Tp foals may reflect this increased systemic activity, or it may represent increased activity produced within the local bone marrow environment.…”

Efficacy of arbidol on lethal hantaan virus infections in suckling mice and in vitro

“…This is in agreement with the results of Kim et al [25] . It has been reported that increased plasma levels of TNF-α were found in the blood of HFRS patients during the acute phase [28] . The results of Niikura et al [29] confirmed that HTNV infection of endothelial cells might contribute to increased vascular leakage through a prolonged response to TNF-α.…”

A pauci-symptomatic case of documented Hantavirus (Puumala) infection in a patient under anti-TNF treatment

“…[11][12][13][14] On the other hand, it has been shown that TNF-␣ decreases the accumulation of viral nucleoproteins in Vero E6 cells infected with Sin Nombre virus. 15 Accordingly, hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins antagonize the signaling pathway of TNF-␣, suggesting that this cytokine may play a role in the immune response against hantavirus.…”