Elevated PCNA+ tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer are associated with early recurrence and non-Caucasian ethnicity

Mukhtar, Rita A.; Moore, Amy P.; Nseyo, Onouwem; Baehner, Frederick L.; Au, Alfred; Moore, Dan H.; Twomey, Patrick; Campbell, Michael J.; Esserman, Laura J.

doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1646-4

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…With regard to breast cancer, Hispanic individuals are more likely than whites to present with hormone receptor-negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and triplenegative phenotypes, 16 and they demonstrate increased M2 macrophage tumor infiltration, which is associated with increased angiogenesis, stromal degradation, and suppression of innate immune responses. 17 For all the malignancies evaluated, Asian Americans were found to demonstrate the lowest rates of cancerspecific mortality in the current study. Part of this phenomenon might be attributable to biology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Lack of reduction in racial disparities in cancer‐specific mortality over a 20‐year period

Aizer

Wilhite

Chen

et al. 2014

Cancer

215

184

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BACKGROUND:To the authors' knowledge, it remains unknown whether race-based differences in cancer outcomes have changed with time. In the current study, the authors assessed whether racial disparities in cancer-specific mortality have improved over the last 20 years. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program was used to identify 2,713,474 patients diagnosed between 1988 and 2007 with either lung, breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer (the leading 3 causes of cancer-related mortality among each sex). After exclusions, 1,001,978 patients remained eligible for analysis. The impact of race on cancer-specific mortality was assessed using the regression model of Fine and Gray; an interaction model evaluated trends over time. RESULTS: African Americans presented with a more advanced stage of disease (P <.001) and underwent definitive therapy less often (P <.001) than whites. After adjustment for demographics and year of diagnosis, African Americans were found to have higher estimates of cancer-specific mortality than whites for all cancers combined (hazards ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-1.30 [P <.001]) and within each individual cancer (each P <.05). These differences did not change significantly between 1988 through 1997 and 1998 through 2007, except among patients with breast cancer, in whom survival disparities increased. These findings remained significant after adjustment for stage of disease at presentation and receipt of definitive therapy (hazards ratio for breast cancer mortality in African Americans vs whites: 1.37 from 1988-1997 and 1.53 from 1998-2007; P for interaction, < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The survival gap for African Americans has not closed over time. Race-based differences in outcome persist independent of stage of disease and treatment, suggesting that additional strategies beyond screening and improving access to care, such as further research into tumor biologies disproportionately affecting African Americans, are needed to improve survival for African American patients with cancer. Cancer 2014;120:1532-9.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Lack of reduction in racial disparities in cancer‐specific mortality over a 20‐year period

Aizer

Wilhite

Chen

et al. 2014

Cancer

215

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The first, CD68 plus PCNA, marks a subset of TAMs that have been shown to be associated with poor outcomes in breast cancer. [14,15] As shown in Table 3, 82% of the cases had high levels (> 10 per high power field) of CD68 / PCNA positive TAMs. These CD68 / PCNA positive TAMs were more prevalent in HRor triple-negative cases, compared to HR+ cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biology of breast cancer in Nigerian women: A pilot study

et al. 2012

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Our findings indicate that breast cancers in Nigerian women have a highly aggressive phenotype (high grade, hormone receptor negative), which is similar to other studies from Africa and other developing nations, as well as from African American women, but is significantly different from Caucasian women in the developed world. The presence of high numbers of TAMs in these tumors raises the possibility of targeting the immune microenvironment for therapeutic interventions.

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“…It is clear that macrophages are a critical component of a tumor microenvironment, with implicated roles in tumor initiation, progression, and malignance (9,23,24). TAMs facilitate tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and immune regulation by producing growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines (25,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Correlates with Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Wei

Fang

et al. 2012

Thyroid

106

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Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have recently been recognized as being important players in the tumoriogenesis of many cancers, including advanced thyroid cancer. However, a role in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most prevalent thyroid cancer, has not been established. We hypothesized that TAMs also facilitate tumor progression in PTC. Methods: We investigated TAMs density in both benign thyroid lesions and PTC tumors by CD68 immunostaining. CD68-positive cell density was further associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients. Finally, TAMs were isolated from PTC tumors and phenotyped by cytokine and receptor profiling. Results: The overall density of TAMs was found to be significantly higher in PTC tumors, compared with thyroid goiter and follicular adenoma. The density of TAMs was positively associated with lymph node metastasis in TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stages III/VI compared with stages I/II. No association was observed in other common tumor features, including the BRAF mutation. The isolated TAMs presented with high levels of M2-associated cytokine and receptors, making M2 the predominant TAM phenotype. Conclusions: TAMs may play a functional role in the progression of PTC.

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Elevated PCNA+ tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer are associated with early recurrence and non-Caucasian ethnicity

Cited by 50 publications

References 71 publications

Lack of reduction in racial disparities in cancer‐specific mortality over a 20‐year period

Lack of reduction in racial disparities in cancer‐specific mortality over a 20‐year period

Biology of breast cancer in Nigerian women: A pilot study

Density of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Correlates with Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

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