Elevated micronucleus frequency in patients with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and periodontitis

Abstract

The over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative damage to a large number of molecules, including DNA, and has been associated with the pathogenesis of several disorders, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia and periodontitis (PD). We hypothesise that the presence of these diseases could proportionally increase the DNA damage. The aim of this study was to assess the micronucleus frequency (MNF), as a biomarker for DNA damage, in individuals with type 2 DM, dyslipidemia and PD. One hundred and fifty patients were divided into five groups based upon diabetic, dyslipidemic and periodontal status (Group 1 - poor controlled DM with dyslipidemia and PD; Group 2 - well-controlled DM with dyslipidemia and PD; Group 3 - without DM with dyslipidemia and PD; Group 4 - without DM, without dyslipidemia and with PD; and Group 5 - without DM, dyslipidemia and PD). Blood analyses were carried out for fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile. Periodontal examinations were performed, and venous blood was collected and processed for micronucleus (MN) assay. The frequency of micronuclei was evaluated by cell culture cytokinesis-block MN assay. The general characteristics of each group were described by the mean and standard deviation and the data were submitted to the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Multiple Logistic Regression and Spearman tests. The Groups 1, 2 and 3 were similarly dyslipidemic presenting increased levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Periodontal tissue destruction and local inflammation were significantly more severe in diabetics, particularly in Group 1. Frequency of bi-nucleated cells with MN and MNF, as well as nucleoplasmic bridges, were significantly higher for poor controlled diabetics with dyslipidemia and PD in comparison with those systemically healthy, even after adjusting for age, and considering Bonferroni's correction. Elevated frequency of micronuclei was found in patients affected by type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and PD. This result suggests that these three pathologies occurring simultaneously promote an additional role to produce DNA impairment. In addition, the micronuclei assay was useful as a biomarker for DNA damage in individuals with chronic degenerative diseases.

Nuclear abnormalities in buccal mucosa cells of patients with type I and II diabetes treated with folic acid

“…Increased production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes oxidative damage to biomolecules [1,3,[8][9][10][11]. ROS can damage genetic material, resulting in abnormalities in the integrity of the cell nucleus and DNA breakage, producing micronuclei (MN) [8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16]. Antioxidants can counteract DNA damage generated by free radicals in patients with diabetes and other conditions [3,4,8,10,[17][18][19].…”

Dyslipidemia rather than Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Chronic Periodontitis Affects the Systemic Expression of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Genes

“…Patients were excluded according to the criteria described in Bastos et al (2012) [21] and Corbi et al (2014) [22]. …”

“…All patients were subjected to a periodontal clinical examination performed as described in Corbi et al (2014) [22]. Chronic periodontitis, as defined by the American Academy of Periodontology [27], includes local signs of inflammation and tissue destruction (presence of deep periodontal pockets ≥ 6 mm) and loss of the connective tissue attachment of gingiva to teeth (clinical attachment loss ≥ 4 mm) in at least four nonadjacent teeth.…”

Micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in Mexico’s indigenous population

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Therefore, DNA damage varies considerably from one population to another.…”