Elevated Levels of Procoagulant Microvesicles in Patients With Dengue Fever

Abstract

Background: The levels of procoagulant microvesicles (MVs) and tissue factor (TF)-bearing MVs may be increased in many conditions, including dengue fever (DF). This study aimed to measure the levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs in patients with DF and matched healthy controls. Materials & methods: Levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs in the plasma of patients with DF and matched healthy controls were measured using functional assay. Results: The patient group had significantly elevated levels of MVs (p < 0.001) and slightly increased levels of TF-bearing MVs (p = 0.454) compared with the matched healthy controls. Conclusion: Elevated levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs could be used as biomarkers to evaluate the hemostatic function of patients with DF.

Procoagulant Microvesicles in COVID-19 Patients: Possible Modulators of Inflammation and Prothrombotic Tendency

“…The current study shows elevated levels of procoagulant MVs in the patient group as compared to healthy controls. Elevated MVs have been reported in COVID-19 infection 18–23 lung diseases, 33 other viral diseases, 17 and inflammatory conditions, 13 which have been associated with tendency for thrombosis. Interestingly, elevated levels of MVs derived from endothelial cells and platelets have been reported in COVID-19 with malignancy as compared to healthy controls.…”

“…Tissue factor is the principal activator of the coagulation cascade, which is another procoagulant player. 46 , 47 Although TF is normally found in the sub-endothelium matrix and TF is sequestrated from the circulation, some studies have demonstrated that TF-bearing MVs 13 , 17 or soluble TF 48 , 49 can be found in the blood circulation in many inflammatory diseases. Elevated levels of TF and increased TF patient with COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 patients.…”

“… 18 , 50 The current study found significantly increased levels of TF-bearing MVs in the circulation of patient group, which is similar to previously published findings related to COVID-19 18 , 21 and viral infections. 17 In COVID-19, TF-bearing MVs have been suggested to play a role in thrombosis and even the severity and mortality. 18 …”

“…5 , 6 MVs are a key player in driving the thrombotic tendency in many diseases. Elevated levels of procoagulant MVs have been reported in physiological states 10–12 and pathological 13–16 conditions, including viral infection including dengue infection 17 and COVID-19 infection. 18–24 Furthermore, MVs have been shown to be associated with thrombosis.…”

Platelet-Released Factors: Their Role in Viral Disease and Applications for Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Therapy

“…CXCR4 expressing platelets can transfer CXCR4 to CXCR4 negative cells through membrane fusion [89], indicating a role of PMVs in X4 HIV-pathogenesis (Figure 3). DENV activates platelets via CLEC2, leading to PMV release, which typically exist at elevated levels in patient plasma with procoagulant activities [29,90]. These PMVs are shown to enhance macrophage and neutrophil effector functions, including neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release (Figure 3) [29].…”