Elevated Histamine and Tryptase Levels in Smokers’ Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

Kalenderian, R.; Raju, Linga; Roth, William; Schwartz, Louis B.; Gruber, Barry L.; Janoff, Aaron

doi:10.1378/chest.94.1.119

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is of course difficult to extrapolate data from cultured cells in vitro to the situation in vivo. However, the present results would suggest that a sensitisation of mast cells to stimuli (as opposed to an increased density of mast cells) is not a likely explanation for the finding of increased levels of preformed mast cell mediators in the bronchalveolar fluid of smokers [6]. The findings, however, may have some bearing upon the observation that the incidence of an extrinsic allergic alveolitis seen in pigeon breeders is lower in smokers than in non-smokers.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…There is good evidence that inflammatory reactions occur in the lungs of smokers, and several studies have suggested that mast cells may be involved in smokinginduced lung disease. Kalenderian et al [6] found that the levels of the mast cell mediators histamine and tryptase were considerably elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from smokers. The authors concluded that these data indicated 'a greater propensity for mast cell-mediated injury in the smoker'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of water-soluble cigarette smoke extracts upon the release of ?-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 basophilic leukaemia cells in response to substance P, compound 48/80, concanavalin A and antigen stimulation

Fowler

Sandberg

Tiger

2003

Inflammation Research

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water-soluble cigarette smoke extracts upon the release of ?-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 basophilic leukaemia cells in response to substance P, compound 48/80, concanavalin A and antigen stimulation

Fowler

Sandberg

Tiger

2003

Inflammation Research

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“…However, different authors have observed an increase in the number of mast cells located in airway epithelium exposed to cigarette smoking [31,32]. In addition, the concentration of tryptase, the main mast cell-derived protease, can be elevated in smoker's bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [33]. In the current study, a significant increase in epithelial mast cell numbers of MCT subtype was not found in the smokers group.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Assessment of bronchial inflammation using an automated cell recognition system based on colour analysis

Berger¹,

Lavallee²,

Rouiller³

et al. 1999

Eur Respir J

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Assessment of bronchial inflammation using an automated cell recognition system based on colour analysis. P. Berger, J. Lavalle Âe, R. Rouiller, F. Laurent, R. Marthan, J.M. Tunon-deLara. #ERS Journals Ltd 1999. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to develop an automated system of cell recognition based upon colour analysis suitable for microscopic examination of bronchial inflammation.Human bronchi obtained from 17 patients undergoing thoracotomy were embedded in glycolmethacrylate to perform immunohistochemistry with antibodies against: neutrophil elastase, tryptase, chymase, eosinophil cationic protein, CD68, CD3 and immunoglobulin E. The image analysis system calculates three independent criteria (optic density, hue density, hue) combined with morphological parameters to specifically recognize a positive staining. This automated analysis was applied to the study of bronchial inflammation in smokers and nonsmokers in terms of the absolute number of cells and the expression of different markers by a single cell.The use of these criteria enabled the characterization of a positive stain on single (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.88 or serial (ICC=0.84) sections. Cell counts obtained by the automated system were highly reproducible. Regarding bronchial inflammation, it was found that the number of inflammatory cells was significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, the majority of these cells bearing immunoglobulin E.These results demonstrate that such computerized analysis of colours is a valuable method for quantifying inflammatory cells in bronchial tissue and for analysing the expression of different markers by a single cell.

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“…Levels of eosinophil cationic protein, myeloperoxidase and IL-8 are frequently increased in COPD patients and in healthy smokers compared with healthy nonsmokers, an observation suggesting that smoking induces the changes rather than COPD itself. Two studies investigated tryptase and histamine levels and showed that COPD patients had higher levels as well, suggesting mast cell activation in COPD [494,495]. However, data were not compared with healthy smokers, and thus the increase in mast cell mediators may be completely attributed to smoking itself.…”

Section: Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%