Elevated energy efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions from integrated reaction and separation for the concurrent production of ethers

Energy-Efficient Design Sequences for the Purification of Styrene Monomer from the Pyrolysis Oil of Waste Polystyrene

“…All costs associated with process operation and construction in a chemical plant can be represented as the total annual cost (TAC). The TAC can be calculated as the sum of two main components, the total operating cost (TOC) and the total capital cost (TCC), divided by the payback period, as shown in eq : TAC = total capital cost false( normalTCC false) false( $ false) payback period false( normalyear false) + total operating cost false( normalTOC false) true( $ normalyear true) A payback period of three years was applied to conduct a comprehensive TAC analysis of the three sequences, and the results are shown in Figure . The TCC was derived from detailed specifications obtained through Aspen Plus simulations, which involved factors such as the column diameter and height.…”

“…A payback period of three years was applied to conduct a comprehensive TAC analysis of the three sequences, 60 and the results are shown in Figure 13. The TCC was derived from detailed specifications obtained through Aspen Plus simulations, which involved factors such as the column diameter and height.…”

Perspectives on facilitating natural gas and hydrogen storage in clathrate hydrates under a static system

“…where r indicates the radius, γ denotes the surface tension, and Δg v is the difference in free energy between phases. The critical energy barrier (ΔG c ) and critical nucleus size (r c ) are the points where the derivatives of the total excess energy equal to zero, and can be expressed as eqn (2):…”

“…1 Among the contributors, carbon dioxide emissions from energy sectors have the most significant impact. 2,3 As part of ongoing efforts to mitigate carbon emissions, the energy sector is transitioning toward the use of renewable energy sources such as wind, 4,5 solar, 6,7 and waves, 8,9 which do not emit carbon sources during electricity generation. However, power generation from renewable sources is still in its infancy, with efficiency varying significantly depending on the operating environment, and it has yet to fully meet global energy demands.…”