Elevated endothelin-1 plasma concentration in patients with essential hypertension

Januszewicz, Andrzej; Łapiński, M; Symonides, Bartosz; Dąbrowska, Elżbieta; Kuch-Wocial, Agnieszka; Trzepla, Ewa; Ignatowska-Switalska, H; Wocial, B; Chodakowska, J; Januszewicz, W?odzimierz

doi:10.1097/00043798-199406000-00013

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Several reports suggested that patients with hypertension have elevated plasma ET levels (12, 339, 430, 545). However, many other studies reported no difference in plasma ET-1 levels between normotensive and hypertensive subjects (68, 299, 428, 732).…”

Section: Endothelin and The Pathophysiology Of Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Blood Pressure and Salt Homeostasis by Endothelin

Kohan

Rossi

Inscho

et al. 2011

Physiological Reviews

368

459

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Endothelin (ET) peptides and their receptors are intimately involved in the physiological control of systemic blood pressure and body Na homeostasis, exerting these effects through alterations in a host of circulating and local factors. Hormonal systems affected by ET include natriuretic peptides, aldosterone, catecholamines, and angiotensin. ET also directly regulates cardiac output, central and peripheral nervous system activity, renal Na and water excretion, systemic vascular resistance, and venous capacitance. ET regulation of these systems is often complex, sometimes involving opposing actions depending on which receptor isoform is activated, which cells are affected, and what other prevailing factors exist. A detailed understanding of this system is important; disordered regulation of the ET system is strongly associated with hypertension and dysregulated extracellular fluid volume homeostasis. In addition, ET receptor antagonists are being increasingly used for the treatment of a variety of diseases; while demonstrating benefit, these agents also have adverse effects on fluid retention that may substantially limit their clinical utility. This review provides a detailed analysis of how the ET system is involved in the control of blood pressure and Na homeostasis, focusing primarily on physiological regulation with some discussion of the role of the ET system in hypertension.

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Section: Endothelin and The Pathophysiology Of Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Blood Pressure and Salt Homeostasis by Endothelin

Kohan

Rossi

Inscho

et al. 2011

Physiological Reviews

368

459

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In human hypertension, there are reports of increased or no change in plasma ET-1 (7, 34, 165, 195, 253, 254, 310, 418). As in animal studies, it is not known whether increases in plasma ET-1 represent increased production or reduced clearance of the peptide.…”

Section: Renal Et and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of Endothelin and the Kidney

Kohan

Inscho

Wesson

et al. 2011

Comprehensive Physiology

103

136

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Since its discovery in 1988 as an endothelial cell-derived peptide that exerts the most potent vasoconstriction of any known endogenous compound, endothelin (ET) has emerged as an important regulator of renal physiology and pathophysiology. This review focuses on how the ET system impacts renal function in health; it is apparent that ET regulates multiple aspects of kidney function. These include modulation of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, control of renin release, and regulation of transport of sodium, water, protons and bicarbonate. These effects are exerted through ET interactions with almost every cell type in the kidney, including mesangial cells, podocytes, endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, every section of the nephron, and renal nerves. In addition, while not the subject of the current review, ET can also indirectly affect renal function through modulation of extrarenal systems, including the vasculature, nervous system, adrenal gland, circulating hormones and the heart. As will become apparent, these pleiotropic effects of ET are of fundamental physiologic importance in the control of renal function in health. In addition, to help put these effects into perspective, we will also discuss, albeit to a relatively limited extent, how alterations in the ET system can contribute to hypertension and kidney disease.

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“…Numerous studies have correlated plasma levels of ET-1 with the severity of various cardiovascular diseases. Increased plasma levels of ET-1 have been reported in ischaemic heart disease [2], during acute myocardial infarction [3], in pulmonary [4] and essential arterial hypertension [5] and in chronic heart failure [6,7]. Among the last group of patients, elevations of ET-1 plasma levels are thought to be prognostic and of pathophysiological significance [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%