Elevated dairy fat intake in lactating women alters milk lipid and fatty acids without detectible changes in expression of genes related to lipid uptake or synthesis

Yahvah, Katherine; Brooker, Sarah L; Williams, Janet E.; Settles, Matthew L.; McGuire, Mark A.; McGuire, Michelle K.

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2015.01.004

Cited by 26 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Historical research suggests that maternal diet patterns do not alter the target nutrients we analysed (Lönnerdal ); however, a recent small cross‐over study showed that elevated maternal fat intake resulted in an increase in total milk fat, although no changes in mammary gland gene expression were identified (Yahvah et al . ). The sample size in our study was relatively small; however, this was balanced by the fact that we collected repeated monthly measures on all subjects over seven months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A longitudinal study of human milk composition in the second year postpartum: implications for human milk banking

Perrin

Fogleman

Newburg

et al. 2016

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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While the composition of human milk has been studied extensively in the first year of lactation, there is a paucity of data regarding human milk composition beyond one year postpartum. Policies vary at milk banks around the world regarding how long lactating women are eligible to donate their milk. The primary purpose of this study is to describe longitudinal changes in human milk composition in the second year postpartum to support the development of evidence based guidelines regarding how long lactating women can donate human milk to a milk bank. Nineteen lactating women in North Carolina provided monthly milk samples from 11 months to 17 months postpartum (N = 131), and two non-profit milk banks provided (N = 33) pooled, unpasteurized milk samples from 51 approved donors less than one year postpartum. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the concentration of total protein, lactoferrin, lysozyme, Immunoglobulin A, oligosaccharides and sodium in longitudinal samples of mother's milk between 11 and 17 months postpartum, while zinc and calcium concentrations declined, and no changes were observed in lactose, fat, iron and potassium. Human milk in the second year postpartum contained significantly higher concentrations of total protein, lactoferrin, lysozyme and Immunoglobulin A, than milk bank samples, and significantly lower concentrations of zinc, calcium, iron and oligosaccharides. Accepting milk bank donations beyond one year postpartum is a potential strategy for increasing the supply of donor milk, but may require mineral fortification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A longitudinal study of human milk composition in the second year postpartum: implications for human milk banking

Perrin

Fogleman

Newburg

et al. 2016

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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show abstract

“…For instance, total lipid content of milk is affected by time postpartum, time of day, time since last feeding, portion of an individual feed (fore-vs. hindmilk), maternal body fat level, and in some cases maternal diet. [1][2][3][4] To complicate matters, lipids and cells can adhere to some types of collection containers which can impact research results, 5 and some milk constituents (e.g., viral particles and RNA) can be entrapped in the lipid fraction or other compartments such as exosomes. [6][7][8][9][10] Researchers studying human milk composition should, therefore, consider these factors when designing their protocols for collecting human milk to study its composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, collecting a foremilk sample in the morning using an inappropriate collection container may easily lead to inaccurate quantification of milk's lipophilic compounds. Another example is host RNA which, although in relatively high concentrations in milk, is quickly degraded by intrinsic RNases; 3,11 as such, milk must be immediately processed or snap frozen for accurate quantification of host RNA. For other constituents (e.g., iron and lactose), concentrations in milk are less prone to variation; 12,13 in these situations, sample collection and storage protocols can be less stringent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Best Practices for Human Milk Collection for COVID-19 Research

McGuire

Seppo

Goga

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In addition to providing life-giving nutrients and other substances to the breastfed infant, human milk can also represent a vehicle of pathogen transfer. As such, when an infectious disease outbreak, epidemic, or pandemic occurs – particularly when it is associated with a novel pathogen – the question will naturally arise as to whether the pathogen can be transmitted via breastfeeding. Until high-quality data are generated to answer this question, abandonment of breastfeeding due to uncertainty can result. The COVID-19 pandemic, which was in full swing at the time this document was written, is an excellent example of this scenario. During these times of uncertainty, it is critical for investigators conducting research to assess the possible transmission of pathogens via milk, whether by transfer through the mammary gland or contamination from respiratory droplets, skin, breast pumps, and milk containers, and/or close contact between mother and infant. To promote the most rigorous science, it is critical to outline optimal methods for milk collection, handling, storage, and analysis in these situations, and investigators should openly share their methods in published materials. Otherwise, the risks of inconsistent test results from pre-analytical and analytical variation, false positives, and false negatives are unacceptably high and the ability to provide public health guidance poor. Here we provide “best practices” for collecting human milk samples for COVID-19 research with the intention that this will also be a useful guide for future pandemics.

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“…saturated animal fats (such as butter and dairy fats) compared to women with high consumption of vegetable oils (Yahvah et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of maternal dietary lipids on human health

Guesnet¹,

Marmonier²,

Boyer³

et al. 2018

OCL

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-During the perinatal period, maternal dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ensure optimal infant development. Observational studies on cognitive and visual development reported that a specific deficit intake in n-3 PUFA in pregnant women was associated with a reduction in visual acuity in 2-months-old infants. Moreover, a low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content associated with a high level of n-6 PUFA in breast milk was negatively associated with the degree of cognitive development in 6-years-old children. As regards to adipose tissue development, only observational human data agree with the hypothesis that excessive dietary intakes of n-6 PUFA compared with n-3 PUFA could promote the development of adipose tissue and obesity. With regard to immune system development, observational and clinical studies suggest that long-chain n-3 PUFA consumption during pregnancy may prevent the incidence of allergic diseases in children. Lastly, specific association between the maternal ingestion of food groups and the infant health has been studied mainly on allergic outcomes (fish, dairy products). Nutritional recommendations for PUFA intake in pregnant and lactating women were mainly based on brain development data, corresponding to breast milk levels of 10% of total fatty acids for linoleic acid, 1.5% for a-linolenic acid and 0.4% for DHA.Keywords: allergic diseases / dairy products / breast milk / brain development / maternal nutrition / obesity / polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Résumé -Nutrition lipidique périnatale et santé de l'Homme. L'apport en acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) de l'alimentation maternelle participe au développement optimal du nourrisson et de l'enfant. Les études d'observation rapportent qu'un déficit spécifique d'apport alimentaire en AGPI n-3 pendant la grossesse est associé à une réduction du niveau d'acuité visuelle chez l'enfant à l'âge de 2 mois, et que le développement cognitif des enfants à l'âge de 6 ans est associé négativement avec une teneur faible en AGPI n-3 et élevée en AGPI n-6 dans le lait maternel. Elles montrent également qu'un déséquilibre du métabolisme maternel des AGPI en faveur de celui de la série n-6 par rapport aux n-3, favorise le développement du tissu adipeux et de l'obésité chez le jeune. Pour le développement du système immunitaire, les études d'observation et cliniques suggèrent que la consommation d'AGPI n-3 à longue chaîne pendant la grossesse peut prévenir l'incidence des maladies allergiques de l'enfant. Des données sont également disponibles concernant des classes d'aliments (poisson, produits laitiers) et l'incidence des manifestations allergiques. Les recommandations nutritionnelles destinées à la femme enceinte et allaitante s'appuient sur les données du développement cérébral, et correspondent dans le lait maternel à des teneurs d'environ 10 % des acides gras totaux pour l'acide linoléique, 1,5 % pour l'acide a-linolénique et 0,4 % pour le DHA.

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Elevated dairy fat intake in lactating women alters milk lipid and fatty acids without detectible changes in expression of genes related to lipid uptake or synthesis

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

A longitudinal study of human milk composition in the second year postpartum: implications for human milk banking

A longitudinal study of human milk composition in the second year postpartum: implications for human milk banking

Best Practices for Human Milk Collection for COVID-19 Research

Impact of maternal dietary lipids on human health

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