Elevated concentrations of CO2 may double methane emissions from mires

Hutchin, Paul R.; Press, M. C.; Lee, John A.; Ashenden, T.W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.1995.tb00012.x

Cited by 73 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…15) (Conrad, 1996). Nitrogen input, including nitrogen deposition and nitrogen fertilizer application, might increase or decrease CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes (Steudler et al, 1989;Ding et al, 2004;Liu and Greaver, 2009), while rising atmospheric CO 2 increased CH 4 emission (Hutchin et al, 1995) yet decreased N 2 O emissions (Phillips et al, 2001a). Ozone pollution decreased CH 4 emission (Morsky et al, 2008) while increasing or decreasing N 2 O emission (Kanerva et al, 2007).…”

Section: Environmental Controls On Ch 4 and N 2 O Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many factors can influence CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems at site and regional levels, such as elevated CO 2 (Hutchin et al, 1995;Schrope et al, 1999;Phillips et al, 2001aPhillips et al, , 2001b, tropospheric ozone pollution (Morsky et al, 2008), nitrogen input (Ding et al, 2004), climate change (Goldberg and Gebauer, 2009) and land cover change (Willison et al, 1995;Huang et al, 2010). However, most previous process-based modeling efforts did not take into account the concurrent effects of multiple global change factors (Potter, 1997;Cao et al, 1998;Walter et al, 2001;Zhuang et al, 2007Zhuang et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal patterns of CH4 and N2O fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of North America during 1979–2008: application of a global biogeochemistry model

et al. 2010

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Abstract.Continental-scale estimations of terrestrial methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes over a long time period are crucial to accurately assess the global balance of greenhouse gases and enhance our understanding and prediction of global climate change and terrestrial ecosystem feedbacks. Using a process-based global biogeochemical model, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), we quantified simultaneously CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes in North America's terrestrial ecosystems from 1979 to 2008. During the past 30 years, approximately 14.69 ± 1.64 T g C a −1 (1 T g = 10 12 g) of CH 4 , and 1.94 ± 0.1 T g N a −1 of N 2 O were released from terrestrial ecosystems in North America. At the country level, both the US and Canada acted as CH 4 sources to the atmosphere, but Mexico mainly oxidized and consumed CH 4 from the atmosphere. Wetlands in North America contributed predominantly to the regional CH 4 source, while all other ecosystems acted as sinks for atmospheric CH 4 , of which forests accounted for 36.8%. Regarding N 2 O emission in North America, the US, Canada, and Mexico contributed 56.19%, 18.23%, and 25.58%, respectively, to the continental source over the past 30 years. Forests and croplands were the two ecosystems that contributed most to continental N 2 O emission. The inter-annual variations of CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes in North America were mainly attributed to year-to-year climatic variability. While only annual precipitation was found to have a significant effect on annual CH 4 flux, both mean annual temperature and annual precipitation were significantly correlated to annual Correspondence to: H. Tian (tianhan@auburn.edu) N 2 O flux. The regional estimates and spatiotemporal patterns of terrestrial ecosystem CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes in North America generated in this study provide useful information for global change research and policy making.

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Section: Environmental Controls On Ch 4 and N 2 O Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal patterns of CH4 and N2O fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of North America during 1979–2008: application of a global biogeochemistry model

et al. 2010

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“…Wetland ecosystems and mesocosms exposed to elevated atmospheric [CO 2 ] have generally shown an increase in CH 4 fluxes across many studies (Hutchin et al, 1995;Megonigal and Schlesinger, 1997;Saarnio and Silvola, 1999;Saarnio et al, 2003), with some notable exceptions of no significant change (Kang et al, 2001), or even a decline in emissions . There is also recent evidence that different wetland types, such as bogs vs. fens, respond differently to CO 2 enrichment (Boardman et al, 2011), and other influences such as nitrogen (N) deposition could counteract the effect of the CO 2 enrichment (Saarnio and Silvola, 1999) or affect litter quality, decreasing CH 4 fluxes (Pancotto et al, 2010).…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Ch 4 Emissions and Wetland Area To Increasedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present state of global wetland extent and wetland methane modelling: conclusions from a model inter-comparison project (WETCHIMP)

et al. 2013

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Global wetlands are believed to be climate sensitive, and are the largest natural emitters of methane (CH4). Increased wetland CH4 emissions could act as a positive feedback to future warming. The Wetland and Wetland CH4 Inter-comparison of Models Project (WETCHIMP) investigated our present ability to simulate large-scale wetland characteristics and corresponding CH4 emissions. To ensure inter-comparability, we used a common experimental protocol driving all models with the same climate and carbon dioxide (CO2) forcing datasets. The WETCHIMP experiments were conducted for model equilibrium states as well as transient simulations covering the last century. Sensitivity experiments investigated model response to changes in selected forcing inputs (precipitation, temperature, and atmospheric CO2 concentration). Ten models participated, covering the spectrum from simple to relatively complex, including models tailored either for regional or global simulations. The models also varied in methods to calculate wetland size and location, with some models simulating wetland area prognostically, while other models relied on remotely sensed inundation datasets, or an approach intermediate between the two. Four major conclusions emerged from the project. First, the suite of models demonstrate extensive disagreement in their simulations of wetland areal extent and CH4 emissions, in both space and time. Simple metrics of wetland area, such as the latitudinal gradient, show large variability, principally between models that use inundation dataset information and those that independently determine wetland area. Agreement between the models improves for zonally summed CH4 emissions, but large variation between the models remains. For annual global CH4 emissions, the models vary by ±40% of the all-model mean (190 Tg CH4 yr−1). Second, all models show a strong positive response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations (857 ppm) in both CH4 emissions and wetland area. In response to increasing global temperatures (+3.4 °C globally spatially uniform), on average, the models decreased wetland area and CH4 fluxes, primarily in the tropics, but the magnitude and sign of the response varied greatly. Models were least sensitive to increased global precipitation (+3.9 % globally spatially uniform) with a consistent small positive response in CH4 fluxes and wetland area. Results from the 20th century transient simulation show that interactions between climate forcings could have strong non-linear effects. Third, we presently do not have sufficient wetland methane observation datasets adequate to evaluate model fluxes at a spatial scale c...

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“…Like many other ecosystems, wetlands are also subject to the effects of aerial pollution and increasing CO 2 levels. The stimulatory effects of increased atmospheric CO 2 concentrations on CH 4 emission (by enhancement of net primary productivity) is well reported (6)(7)(8), although a similar stimulatory effect of nitrogen pollution on wetland CH 4 emission has not always been identified (8-10) because of differing effects nitrogen has on the ecosystem, e.g., plant species composition is an important factor in determining the effect of experimental N additions on CH 4 fluxes (10). CH 4 is produced by two different groups of methanogenic archaea (MA); one group obtains energy by the fermentation of simple organic compounds, such as acetate to CO 2 and CH 4 , and the other obtains energy by oxidizing molecular hydrogen to H 2 O by using CO 2 , which is reduced to CH 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Sulfur pollution suppression of the wetland methane source in the 20th and 21st centuries

Gauci

Matthews

Dise

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

119

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Natural wetlands form the largest source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. Emission of this powerful greenhouse gas from wetlands is known to depend on climate, with increasing temperature and rainfall both expected to increase methane emissions. This study, combining our field and controlled environment manipulation studies in Europe and North America, reveals an additional control: an emergent pattern of increasing suppression of methane (CH 4) A tmospheric methane (CH 4 ) is a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) that is responsible for an estimated 22% of the present anthropogenically enhanced greenhouse effect (1). Natural (nonrice agriculture) wetlands are the world's largest single CH 4 source and are estimated to currently contribute between 110 and 260 Tg (Tg ϭ 10 12 g) to the global methane budget (2), of which one-third is derived from temperate and boreal northern wetlands (3). CH 4 emissions from wetlands are climatesensitive, responding positively to increases in temperature and rainfall as microbial activity and anaerobic conditions increase and negatively to cool temperatures and drought (4, 5). Like many other ecosystems, wetlands are also subject to the effects of aerial pollution and increasing CO 2 levels. The stimulatory effects of increased atmospheric CO 2 concentrations on CH 4 emission (by enhancement of net primary productivity) is well reported (6-8), although a similar stimulatory effect of nitrogen pollution on wetland CH 4 emission has not always been identified (8-10) because of differing effects nitrogen has on the ecosystem, e.g., plant species composition is an important factor in determining the effect of experimental N additions on CH 4 fluxes (10).CH 4 is produced by two different groups of methanogenic archaea (MA); one group obtains energy by the fermentation of simple organic compounds, such as acetate to CO 2 and CH 4 , and the other obtains energy by oxidizing molecular hydrogen to H 2 O by using CO 2 , which is reduced to CH 4 . Acetate-fermenting MA tend to dominate in more nutrient-rich peatlands and in summer, when the supply of labile organic carbon is relatively high. However, it has been recently demonstrated that climate, depth of the acrotelm, and acetate concentrations add a fair degree of plasticity over controls on acetate-fermenting MA (11). Both groups of microorganisms are strictly anaerobic, and both are suppressed by another group of anaerobic microorganisms, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) (12).SRB have a higher affinity for both hydrogen and acetate than MA, which, under ideal conditions, enables them to maintain the pool of these substrates at concentrations too low for MA to use (13,14). In wetlands, however, the balance between sulfate reduction and methanogenesis is affected by factors such as the temperature [warmer temperatures favor methanogenesis (15)], the rate of SO 4 2Ϫ and acetate supply [lower concentrations of sulfate or higher concentrations of acetate reduce the intensity of competition (13)], and the availability of noncompetitive substra...

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Elevated concentrations of CO₂ may double methane emissions from mires

Cited by 73 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial and temporal patterns of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of North America during 1979–2008: application of a global biogeochemistry model

Spatial and temporal patterns of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of North America during 1979–2008: application of a global biogeochemistry model

Present state of global wetland extent and wetland methane modelling: conclusions from a model inter-comparison project (WETCHIMP)

Sulfur pollution suppression of the wetland methane source in the 20th and 21st centuries

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Elevated concentrations of CO2 may double methane emissions from mires

Cited by 73 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial and temporal patterns of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of North America during 1979–2008: application of a global biogeochemistry model

Spatial and temporal patterns of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of North America during 1979–2008: application of a global biogeochemistry model

Present state of global wetland extent and wetland methane modelling: conclusions from a model inter-comparison project (WETCHIMP)

Sulfur pollution suppression of the wetland methane source in the 20th and 21st centuries

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Elevated concentrations of CO₂ may double methane emissions from mires

Spatial and temporal patterns of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of North America during 1979–2008: application of a global biogeochemistry model

Spatial and temporal patterns of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of North America during 1979–2008: application of a global biogeochemistry model