Elevated CO2 stimulates N2O emissions in permanent grassland

Kammann, Claudia; Müller, Christoph; Grünhage, Ludger; Jäger, Hans‐Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.012

Cited by 87 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…The limited data available regarding Verrucomicrobia ecosystem function suggest that these bacteria may play a role in organic matter metabolism (Ranjan et al, 2015;Janssen et al, 2002). It is possible therefore that their greater abundance in moderate CO 2 rings is connected with increased plant biomass yield in these rings (Kammann et al, 2008), which may have led to greater plant matter inputs in these soils. However, no changes in soil carbon were detected in the moderate CO 2 rings in previous studies at Gi-FACE (Angel et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall lack of substantial changes in the soil bacterial community is somewhat surprising as moderate CO 2 -induced changes in plant biomass yields (Kammann et al, 2008) and increased abundance of grasses compared to forbs (Grüters et al, 2006). In addition, moderate CO 2 led to twofold increase in N 2 O emissions , changed soil nitrogen dynamics , decreased methane uptake (Kolb et al, 2005) and increased soil acid phosphatase activity (Guenet et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The soil microbiome at the Gi-FACE experiment responds to a moisture gradient but not to CO2 enrichment

et al. 2016

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The soil bacterial community at the Giessen free-air CO 2 enrichment (Gi-FACE) experiment was analysed by tag sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. No substantial effects of CO 2 levels on bacterial community composition were detected. However, the soil moisture gradient at Gi-FACE had a significant effect on bacterial community composition. Different groups within the Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia phyla were affected differently by soil moisture content. These results suggest that modest increases in atmospheric CO 2 may cause only minor changes in soil bacterial community composition and indicate that the functional responses of the soil community to CO 2 enrichment previously reported at Gi-FACE are due to factors other than changes in bacterial community composition. The effects of the moisture gradient revealed new information about the relationships between poorly known Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia and soil moisture content. This study contrasts with the relatively small number of other temperate grassland free-air CO 2 enrichment microbiome studies in the use of moderate CO 2 enrichment and the resulting minor changes in the soil microbiome. Thus, it will facilitate the development of further climate change mitigation studies. In addition, the moisture gradient found at Gi-FACE contributes new knowledge in soil microbial ecology, particularly regarding the abundance and moisture relationships of the soil Verrucomicrobia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The soil microbiome at the Gi-FACE experiment responds to a moisture gradient but not to CO2 enrichment

et al. 2016

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“…3c). In field experiments, both positive and negative effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on N 2 O emission were observed (Kammann et al, 2008;Phillips et al, 2001). The positive or negative effects might be determined by soil N availability; a field experiment concluded that a small amount of N fertilizer will relieve N limitation under elevated CO 2 concentration (Kettunen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Factorial Controls On N 2 O Flux At Temporal and Spatial Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifactor controls on terrestrial N<sub>2</sub>O flux over North America from 1979 through 2010

Tian

Chen

et al. 2012

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas which also contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone (O3). However, the magnitude and underlying mechanisms for the spatiotemporal variations in the terrestrial sources of N2O are still far from certain. Using a process-based ecosystem model (DLEM – the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model) driven by multiple global change factors, including climate variability, nitrogen (N) deposition, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), tropospheric O3 pollution, N fertilizer application, and land conversion, this study examined the spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial N2O flux over North America and further attributed these variations to various driving factors. From 1979 to 2010, the North America cumulatively emitted 53.9 ± 0.9 Tg N2O-N (1 Tg = 1012 g), of which global change factors contributed 2.4 ± 0.9 Tg N2O-N, and baseline emission contributed 51.5 ± 0.6 Tg N2O-N. Climate variability, N deposition, O3 pollution, N fertilizer application, and land conversion increased N2O emission while the elevated atmospheric CO2 posed opposite effect at continental level; the interactive effect among multiple factors enhanced N2O emission over the past 32 yr. N input, including N fertilizer application in cropland and N deposition, and multi-factor interaction dominated the increases in N2O emission at continental level. At country level, N fertilizer application and multi-factor interaction made large contribution to N2O emission increase in the United States of America (USA). The climate variability dominated the increase in N2O emission from Canada. N inputs and multiple factors interaction made large contribution to the increases in N2O emission from Mexico. Central and southeastern parts of the North America – including central Canada, central USA, southeastern USA, and all of Mexico – experienced increases in N2O emission from 1979 to 2010. The fact that climate variability and multi-factor interaction largely controlled the inter-annual variations in terrestrial N2O emission at both continental and country levels indicate that projected changes in the global climate system may substantially alter the regime of N2O emission from terrestrial ecosystems during the 21st century. Our study also showed that the interactive effect among global change factors may significantly affect N2O flux, and more field experiments involving multiple factors are urgently needed.

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“…Warmer temperatures will enhance nitrogen cycling and probably also N 2 O production where N is not limiting [23]. However, there is mixed empirical evidence from ecosystem warming experiments, which show varying responses of soil N 2 O emissions, resulting from the concurrent effects of changes in the moisture regime, plant and microbial N demand and biodiversity [24][25][26][27]. In agreement with earlier studies [5,6], the dominant cause for the estimated increase in terrestrial N 2 O emissions is anthropogenic N r inputs (table 2), which reduce or even overcompensate the climatic benefits from carbon sequestration in response to anthropogenic N r inputs.…”

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Terrestrial nitrogen–carbon cycle interactions at the global scale

Zaehle

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

152

130

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Interactions between the terrestrial nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycles shape the response of ecosystems to global change. However, the global distribution of nitrogen availability and its importance in global biogeochemistry and biogeochemical interactions with the climate system remain uncertain. Based on projections of a terrestrial biosphere model scaling ecological understanding of nitrogen–carbon cycle interactions to global scales, anthropogenic nitrogen additions since 1860 are estimated to have enriched the terrestrial biosphere by 1.3 Pg N, supporting the sequestration of 11.2 Pg C. Over the same time period, CO 2 fertilization has increased terrestrial carbon storage by 134.0 Pg C, increasing the terrestrial nitrogen stock by 1.2 Pg N. In 2001–2010, terrestrial ecosystems sequestered an estimated total of 27 Tg N yr −1 (1.9 Pg C yr −1 ), of which 10 Tg N yr −1 (0.2 Pg C yr −1 ) are due to anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. Nitrogen availability already limits terrestrial carbon sequestration in the boreal and temperate zone, and will constrain future carbon sequestration in response to CO 2 fertilization (regionally by up to 70% compared with an estimate without considering nitrogen–carbon interactions). This reduced terrestrial carbon uptake will probably dominate the role of the terrestrial nitrogen cycle in the climate system, as it accelerates the accumulation of anthropogenic CO 2 in the atmosphere. However, increases of N 2 O emissions owing to anthropogenic nitrogen and climate change (at a rate of approx. 0.5 Tg N yr −1 per 1°C degree climate warming) will add an important long-term climate forcing.

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Elevated CO2 stimulates N2O emissions in permanent grassland

Cited by 87 publications

References 70 publications

The soil microbiome at the Gi-FACE experiment responds to a moisture gradient but not to CO2 enrichment

The soil microbiome at the Gi-FACE experiment responds to a moisture gradient but not to CO2 enrichment

Multifactor controls on terrestrial N<sub>2</sub>O flux over North America from 1979 through 2010

Terrestrial nitrogen–carbon cycle interactions at the global scale

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Elevated CO2 stimulates N2O emissions in permanent grassland

Cited by 87 publications

References 70 publications

The soil microbiome at the Gi-FACE experiment responds to a moisture gradient but not to CO2 enrichment

The soil microbiome at the Gi-FACE experiment responds to a moisture gradient but not to CO2 enrichment

Multifactor controls on terrestrial N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O flux over North America from 1979 through 2010

Terrestrial nitrogen–carbon cycle interactions at the global scale

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Multifactor controls on terrestrial N<sub>2</sub>O flux over North America from 1979 through 2010