Elevated CO2 impacts bell pepper growth with consequences to Myzus persicae life history, feeding behaviour and virus transmission ability

Abstract

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) impacts plant growth and metabolism. Indirectly, the performance and feeding of insects is affected by plant nutritional quality and resistance traits. Life history and feeding behaviour of Myzus persicae were studied on pepper plants under ambient (aCO2, 400 ppm) or elevated CO2 (eCO2, 650 ppm), as well as the direct impact on plant growth and leaf chemistry. Plant parameters were significantly altered by eCO2 with a negative impact on aphid’s life history. Their pre-reproductive period was 11% longer and fecundity decreased by 37%. Peppers fixed significantly less nitrogen, which explains the poor aphid performance. Plants were taller and had higher biomass and canopy temperature. There was decreased aphid salivation into sieve elements, but no differences in phloem ingestion, indicating that the diminished fitness could be due to poorer tissue quality and unfavourable C:N balance, and that eCO2 was not a factor impeding feeding. Aphid ability to transmit Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was studied by exposing source and receptor plants to ambient (427 ppm) or elevated (612 ppm) CO2 before or after virus inoculation. A two-fold decrease on transmission was observed when receptor plants were exposed to eCO2 before aphid inoculation when compared to aCO2.

Co2 Effects on Larval Development and Genetics of Mealworm Beetle, Tenebrio Molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Two Different Co2 Systems

“…Similar results were recorded on species of Brassicaceae (Oehme et al, 2011) such as Brevicoryne brassicae on Brussels sprout (Ryan et al, 2014), and Acyrthosiphon pisum on the broad bean (Ryan et al, 2014). Other than that, elevated CO 2 also affects their morphology and physiology by reducing fertility and producing a fewer number of offspring, as well as increasing chewing insects development duration (Dáder et al, 2016). Different results are shown between RR F1 vs FACE F1 where there was no significant difference in 0-14 days or before pupation.…”

The Contrasting Effects of Elevated CO2 on TYLCV Infection of Tomato Genotypes with and without the Resistance Gene, Mi-1.2

“…As an exception, elevated CO 2 decreased the feeding efficiency of Myzus persicae on bell pepper. Thus, the decreased performance of M. persicae led to a twofold decrease in virus transmission under elevated CO 2 (Dáder et al, 2016). The current study showed that, regardless of plant genotype, elevated CO 2 had little effect on the abundance and fecundity of B. tabaci .…”

Insect–plant–pathogen interactions as shaped by future climate: effects on biology, distribution, and implications for agriculture

“…The main reported effects on plants include increased biomass and canopy size, earlier canopy development, higher photosynthetic rates and reduced stomatal conductance (Ainsworth & Long, ; Ainsworth & Rogers, ; Kimball, ). At the same time, eCO 2 causes chemical changes such as the accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates (Ainsworth et al ., ; Gao et al ., ; Johnson & Riegler, ; Ryan et al ., ) and a decrease in plant N concentration and grain protein content (Taub & Wang, ; Ryan et al ., ; Dáder et al ., ; Trębicki et al ., ). The reduction in stomatal conductance also leads to a decrease in micronutrients due to improved water uptake efficiency from the soil (Taub & Wang, ).…”

“…The feeding behavior of insect vectors, particularly aphids, has been monitored under rising CO 2 by the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique (Dáder et al ., ; Trębicki et al ., ), which provides a live real time visualization of plant penetration by insect mouthparts (Tjallingii, ; Trębicki et al ., ). Decreased salivation into sieve elements, increased phloem sap ingestion and shorter nonpathway phase are among the responses observed for the aphid A. pisum on M. truncatula and M. persicae on C. annuum (Guo et al ., ; Dáder et al ., ). On noninfected wheat plants, R. padi phloem feeding significantly increased by 34% when the plants were grown under eCO 2 , but when infected with Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV, Luteovirus ), no significant changes to feeding were observed as a result of increased CO 2 (Trębicki et al ., ).…”