Elevated CO2 enhances aerobic scope of a coral reef fish

Rummer, Jodie L.; Stecyk, Jonathan A. W.; Couturier, Christine S.; Watson, Sue‐Ann; Nilsson, Göran; Munday, Philip L.

doi:10.1093/conphys/cot023

Cited by 71 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…In teleost fishes, the aerobic scope can be reduced [18], unaffected [19] or higher [20,21] in high pCO 2 water, and it is possible that there could be similar species differences within elasmobranchs. Denticles consist of hydroxylapatite, which has a low solubility and is not likely affected by weak acids [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated carbon dioxide alters the plasma composition and behaviour of a shark

Green

Jutfelt

2014

Biol. Lett.

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Increased carbon emissions from fossil fuels are increasing the pCO 2 of the ocean surface waters in a process called ocean acidification. Elevated water pCO 2 can induce physiological and behavioural effects in teleost fishes, although there appear to be large differences in sensitivity between species. There is currently no information available on the possible responses to future ocean acidification in elasmobranch fishes. We exposed smallspotted catsharks (Scyliorhinus canicula) to either control conditions or a year 2100 scenario of 990 matm pCO 2 for four weeks. We did not detect treatment effects on growth, resting metabolic rate, aerobic scope, skin denticle ultrastructure or skin denticle morphology. However, we found that the elevated pCO 2 group buffered internal acidosis via HCO À 3 accumulation with an associated increase in Na þ , indicating that the blood chemistry remained altered despite the long acclimation period. The elevated pCO 2 group also exhibited a shift in their nocturnal swimming pattern from a pattern of many starts and stops to more continuous swimming. Although CO 2 -exposed teleost fishes can display reduced behavioural asymmetry (lateralization), the CO 2 -exposed sharks showed increased lateralization. These behavioural effects may suggest that elasmobranch neurophysiology is affected by CO 2 , as in some teleosts, or that the sharks detect CO 2 as a constant stressor, which leads to altered behaviour. The potential direct effects of ocean acidification should henceforth be considered when assessing future anthropogenic effects on sharks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated carbon dioxide alters the plasma composition and behaviour of a shark

Green

Jutfelt

2014

Biol. Lett.

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“…However, subsequent laboratory experiments on marine fish exposed to values of pH/CO 2 predicted for the end of this century and beyond revealed impacts on additional organisms and processes, such as embryonic and larval development (Frommel et al, 2012(Frommel et al, , 2016Rossi et al, 2015), otolith growth (Checkley et al, 2009;Munday et al, 2011), reproduction (Miller et al, 2013), metabolic rate Rummer et al, 2013;Enzor et al, 2013) and behaviour (Allan et al, 2013;Dixson et al, 2010;Domenici et al, 2012;Hamilton et al, 2013;Munday et al, 2009Munday et al, , 2010Munday et al, , 2016Rossi et al, 2015); however, it is worth noting that these effects are highly variable and depend on the species, experimental conditions, parameters analyzed and experimental techniques used. Most of these effects were proposed to be due to acid-base (A-B) regulatory processes, leading to altered ionic concentrations, energy expenditure and allocation; however, the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid–base physiology, neurobiology and behaviour in relation to CO2-induced ocean acidification

Tresguerres

Hamilton

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Experimental exposure to ocean and freshwater acidification affects the behaviour of multiple aquatic organisms in laboratory tests. One proposed cause involves an imbalance in plasma chloride and bicarbonate ion concentrations as a result of acid-base regulation, causing the reversal of ionic fluxes through GABA A receptors, which leads to altered neuronal function. This model is exclusively based on differential effects of the GABA A receptor antagonist gabazine on control animals and those exposed to elevated CO 2 . However, direct measurements of actual chloride and bicarbonate concentrations in neurons and their extracellular fluids and of GABA A receptor properties in aquatic organisms are largely lacking. Similarly, very little is known about potential compensatory mechanisms, and about alternative mechanisms that might lead to ocean acidificationinduced behavioural changes. This article reviews the current knowledge on acid-base physiology, neurobiology, pharmacology and behaviour in relation to marine CO 2 -induced acidification, and identifies important topics for future research that will help us to understand the potential effects of predicted levels of aquatic acidification on organisms.

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“…Temperature is an important ecological factor, known to have a profound effect on many metabolic processes in aquatic ectotherms, such as fishes (Di Santo and Bennett, 2011a;Fry, 1971;Magnuson et al, 1979). At the same time, although some studies report little to no effect (or even a positive effect) of CO 2 on fishes (see, for example, Green and Jutfelt, 2014;Heinrich et al, 2014;Jutfelt and Hedgärde, 2015;Rummer et al, 2013), several studies have presented data suggesting that increasing ocean acidification has the potential to exert several adverse effects on fish life history traits, such as malformation during skeletogenesis (Chambers et al, 2013), reduced survival (Baumann and Conover, 2011), reduced body condition and increased developmental time , as well as on several other important behavioral and physiological traits, such as alertness, predator avoidance and hunting (Ferrari et al, 2012a,b;Hamilton et al, 2014;Jutfelt et al, 2013;Munday et al, 2009;Näslund et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific variation in physiological performance of a benthic elasmobranch challenged by ocean acidification and warming

Santo

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Elucidating the combined effects of increasing temperature and ocean acidification on performance of fishes is central to our understanding of how species will respond to global climate change. Measuring the metabolic costs associated with intense and short activities, such as those required to escape predators, is key to quantifying changes in performance and estimating the potential effects of environmental stressors on survival. In this study, juvenile little skate Leucoraja erinacea from two neighboring locations (Gulf of Maine, or northern location, and Georges Bank, or southern location) were developmentally acclimatized and reared at current and projected temperatures (15, 18 or 20°C) and acidification conditions ( pH 8.1 or 7.7), and their escape performance was tested by employing a chasing protocol. The results from this study suggest countergradient variation in growth between skates from the two locations, while the optimum for escape performance was at a lower temperature in individuals from the northern latitudes, which could be related to adaptation to the local thermal environment. Aerobic performance and scope declined in skates from the northern latitudes under simulated ocean warming and acidification conditions. Overall, the southern skates showed lower sensitivity to these climatic stressors. This study demonstrates that even mobile organisms from neighboring locations can exhibit substantial differences in energetic costs of exercise and that skates from the northern part of the geographic range may be more sensitive to the directional increase in temperature and acidification expected by the end of the century.

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Elevated CO2 enhances aerobic scope of a coral reef fish

Cited by 71 publications

References 40 publications

Elevated carbon dioxide alters the plasma composition and behaviour of a shark

Elevated carbon dioxide alters the plasma composition and behaviour of a shark

Acid–base physiology, neurobiology and behaviour in relation to CO2-induced ocean acidification

Intraspecific variation in physiological performance of a benthic elasmobranch challenged by ocean acidification and warming

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