Elevated CO2 and temperature under future climate change increase severity of rice sheath blight

Abstract

Sheath blight (ShB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the major threats to rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. However, it is not clear how the risk of rice ShB will respond to elevated CO2 and temperature under future climate change. Here, we conducted, field experiments of inoculated R. solani under combinations of two CO2 levels (ambient and enriched up to 590 μmol mol-1) and two temperature levels (ambient and increased by 2.0°C) in temperature by free-air CO2 enrichment (T-FACE) system for two cultivars (a susceptible cultivar, Lemont and a resistant cultivar, YSBR1). Results indicate that for the inoculation of plants with R. solani, the vertical length of ShB lesions for cv. Lemont was significantly longer than that for cv. YSBR1 under four CO2 and temperature treatments. The vertical length of ShB lesions was significantly increased by elevated temperature, but not by elevated CO2, for both cultivars. The vertical length of ShB lesions under the combination of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature was increased by 21–38% for cv. Lemont and by -1–6% for cv. YSBR1. A significant increase in MDA level was related to a significant increase in the vertical length of ShB lesions under the combination of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature. Elevated CO2 could not compensate for the negative effect of elevated temperature on yield of both cultivars under future climate change. Rice yield and biomass were further decreased by 2.0–2.5% and 2.9–4.2% by an increase in the severity of ShB under the combination of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature. Thus, reasonable agronomic management practices are required to improve both resistance to ShB disease and grain yield for rice under future climate change.

Multi-environment evaluation of rice genotypes: impact of weather and culm biochemical parameters against sheath blight infection

“…Maximum and minimum temperatures were negatively correlated with the PDI mean, whereas relative humidity was positively correlated with the PDI mean ( Supplementary Table 6 ). Relative humidity is involved in the increased spread of the disease ( Lenka et al., 2008 ; Shen et al., 2023 ). Although temperature is inversely proportional to relative humidity, the maximum and minimum temperatures are negatively correlated with the PDI mean.…”

Effect of enzyme-response Mag@CMCS@CPSG film on rice sheath blight disease (caused by Rhizoctonia solani) control and rice quality

“…IntroductionRice is the most widely grown food crop globally and is a staple food for more than half of the world's population. However, rice sheath blight is one of the most destructive and economically harmful diseases affecting rice production worldwide, it can reduce rice yields by 2.5-50%, and rice quality can be reduced (Groth, 2008;Chen et al, 2023;Shen et al, 2023). Rice sheath blight is a fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani.…”