Elevated circulating miR-494 in plasma of children with enterovirus 71 induced hand, foot, and mouth disease and its potential diagnostic value

Abstract

hand, foot, and mouth disease (hFMD) is a common pediatric disease, whose outcome depends of the enterovirus genotype infecting the patient. The present study is focused on the potential diagnostic value and the role of circulating microRNA-494 (miR-494) in enterovirus 71-induced more severe form of hFMD. We included 102 children with enterovirus 71 (EV71)-induced hFMD, 42 coxsackievirus A16 (CA16)-induced hFMD and 102 healthy controls. The plasma and serum samples were collected. The expression level of circulating miR-494 was determined by RT-PCR method. Moreover, RoC curve has been drawn to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of circulating miR-494 for the diagnosis of EV71induced hFMD. Furthermore, the correlation between the circulating miR-494 and the levels of interleukin 6 (iL-6), interleukin 4 (iL-4) and interferon γ (iFN-γ) in the serum of patients were analyzed. Circulating miR-494 was significantly increased in plasma of children with EV71-induced hFMD compared with the healthy children or CA16-induced hFMD, and level of miR-494 in the EV71 severe group was significantly higher than the EV71 mild group. Moreover, results of RoC analysis suggested that miR-494 is a sensitive biomarker to distinguish EV71 patients from healthy controls and CA16 patients. Furthermore, iL-6 and iFN-γ were elevated in serum of patients with EV71-induced hFMD and the level of circulating miR-494 in patients with EV71-induced hFMD was positively correlated with the serum levels of both iL-6 and iFN-γ, respectively. Circulating miR-494 was abnormally up-regulated in plasma of the children with EV71-induced hFMD, and miR-494 may serve as potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Role of Non-Coding RNA in Neurological Complications Associated With Enterovirus 71

“…(2011) reported that miR-545, miR-324-3p, and miR-143 can be used to effectively distinguish EV71 and CVA16 infections in patients with HFMD. Moreover, an investigation conducted by Liu et al. (2020) indicated that patients with EV71-induced HFMD presented significantly higher levels of serum miR-494 as compared with the level in healthy people or those with CVA16-induced HFMD, showing its potential diagnostic value.…”

Roles of Interleukin-6-mediated immunometabolic reprogramming in COVID-19 and other viral infection-associated diseases

“…Notably, EV71 infection leads to a marked increase in the release of circulating IL-6. And the level of IL-6 gradually rises with the progression of the disease and is associated with poor prognosis of patients infected with EV71 [145] , [146] . Among severe and critical cases infected with EV71 undergoing intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and glucocorticoid treatment, convalescent patients have a significantly lower level of IL-6 in cerebrospinal fluids than acute stage patients [147] .…”