Elevated Blood Ammonia Level Is a Potential Biological Risk Factor of Behavioral Disorders in Prisoners

Duan, Yugang; Wu, Xiaoli; Shen, Liang; Jin, Feng

doi:10.1155/2015/797862

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Fat-soluble ammonia can enter the brain through the blood-brain barrier and can be used with glutamic acid to synthesize glutamine, leading to a decrease in the excitatory neurotransmitter. This pathway is thought to be a potential mediator for psychiatric disorders such as depression (Duan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiomics Study of Gut Bacteria and Host Metabolism in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Depression Patients

Jia

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Background and Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and depression have high tendencies of comorbidity. In particular, diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) and depression exhibit similar fecal microbiota signatures, yet little is known about their pathogenic mechanism. Here, we propose that the differences in structure and composition of IBS-D and depression gut microbiota give rise to different downstream functions, which lead to distinct clinical phenotypes via host metabolism and further influence the interaction of brain-gut axis.Methods: We performed multiomics study, including fecal metagenome-wide sequencing and serum metabolomics profiling in 65 individuals with IBS-D (n=22), depression (n=15), comorbid patients (n=13), and healthy controls (n=15). We analyzed functional genes contributed by the primary genus and evaluated their correlations with clinical indices and host metabolites.Results: Metagenomic analysis revealed 26 clusters of orthologous groups of protein (COG) categories consisting of a total of 4,631 functional genes. Trehalose and maltose hydrolase (COG1554) and fucose permease (COG0738) were the most relevant and enriched functional genes in the IBS-D patients; urease accessory proteins UreE (COG2371) was that in the depression patients. Context based genome annotation suggest that an alteration of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae in IBS-D and depression respectively may be responsible for the enrichment described above. Correlation with host metabolites, such as maltotriose and isomaltose in carbohydrate metabolism and anandamide in neuroactive metabolism, drew further connections between these findings.Conclusions: These changes led us to propose a connection between genomic signatures and clinical differences observed in IBS-D and depression. Our findings provide further insights into the involvement of gut microbiota in diseases related to brain-gut disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiomics Study of Gut Bacteria and Host Metabolism in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Depression Patients

Jia

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Chronic restraint stress aggravated the depressive-like symptoms, and Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 supplementation presented the opposite effect with stress; it also alleviated the behavioral, biochemical, and microbiota aberrations as in the case of the acquired depression model. The lab further found that aggressive behavior was connected with the microbiota; for example, prisoners with violent tendencies presented higher levels of blood ammonia (NH 3 ) ( Duan et al, 2015 ). They also found that ASD, ADHD, and Tourette syndrome were all closely related with gut microbiota abnormalities and could be improved by specific probiotic intervention.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Gut-brain and Gut-brain Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-Brain Psychology: Rethinking Psychology From the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis

Shen

Jin

2018

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Mental disorders and neurological diseases are becoming a rapidly increasing medical burden. Although extensive studies have been conducted, the progress in developing effective therapies for these diseases has still been slow. The current dilemma reminds us that the human being is a superorganism. Only when we take the human self and its partner microbiota into consideration at the same time, can we better understand these diseases. Over the last few centuries, the partner microbiota has experienced tremendous change, much more than human genes, because of the modern transformations in diet, lifestyle, medical care, and so on, parallel to the modern epidemiological transition. Existing research indicates that gut microbiota plays an important role in this transition. According to gut-brain psychology, the gut microbiota is a crucial part of the gut-brain network, and it communicates with the brain via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. The gut microbiota almost develops synchronously with the gut-brain, brain, and mind. The gut microbiota influences various normal mental processes and mental phenomena, and is involved in the pathophysiology of numerous mental and neurological diseases. Targeting the microbiota in therapy for these diseases is a promising approach that is supported by three theories: the gut microbiota hypothesis, the “old friend” hypothesis, and the leaky gut theory. The effects of gut microbiota on the brain and behavior are fulfilled by the microbiota–gut–brain axis, which is mainly composed of the nervous pathway, endocrine pathway, and immune pathway. Undoubtedly, gut-brain psychology will bring great enhancement to psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry. Various microbiota-improving methods including fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, a healthy diet, and healthy lifestyle have shown the capability to promote the function of the gut-brain, microbiota–gut–brain axis, and brain. It will be possible to harness the gut microbiota to improve brain and mental health and prevent and treat related diseases in the future.

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“…Moreover, plasma ammonia and BAs were increased along with dysregulations of ammonia by-products (i.e., urea) and amino acids (i.e., arginine, glutamate) involved in ammonia production. Herein, we found increased ammonia levels, a known potent neurotoxin found to induce psychological and behavioral disturbances at preclinical and clinical levels [ 36 , 37 ]. In cases of liver damage, as with the steatohepatitis present in WD-fed mice, ammonia could build up in the blood, reach the brain, and impair brain functioning [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Functions, Neurotransmitter Alterations, and Hippocampal Microstructural Changes in Mice Caused by Feeding on Western Diet

Custodio,

Hobloss,

Myllys

et al. 2023

Cells

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Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. It is becoming increasingly evident that peripheral organ-centered inflammatory diseases, including liver diseases, are linked with brain dysfunctions. Therefore, this study aims to unravel the effect of MASLD on brain histology, cognitive functions, and neurotransmitters. For this purpose, mice fed for 48 weeks on standard (SD) or Western diet (WD) were evaluated by behavioral tests, followed by sacrifice and analysis of the liver-brain axis including histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical analyses. Histological analysis of the liver showed features of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) in the WD-fed mice including lipid droplet accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. This was accompanied by an elevation of transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities, increase in inflammatory cytokine and bile acid concentrations, as well as altered amino acid concentrations in the blood. Interestingly, compromised blood capillary morphology coupled with astrogliosis and microgliosis were observed in brain hippocampus of the WD mice, indicating neuroinflammation or a disrupted neurovascular unit. Moreover, attention was impaired in WD-fed mice along with the observations of impaired motor activity and balance, enhanced anxiety, and stereotyped head-twitch response (HTR) behaviors. Analysis of neurotransmitters and modulators including dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, and acetylcholine showed region-specific dysregulation in the brain of the WD-fed mice. In conclusion, the induction of MASH in mice is accompanied by the alteration of cellular morphology and neurotransmitter expression in the brain, associated with compromised cognitive functions.

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Elevated Blood Ammonia Level Is a Potential Biological Risk Factor of Behavioral Disorders in Prisoners

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Multiomics Study of Gut Bacteria and Host Metabolism in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Depression Patients

Multiomics Study of Gut Bacteria and Host Metabolism in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Depression Patients

Gut-Brain Psychology: Rethinking Psychology From the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis

Cognitive Functions, Neurotransmitter Alterations, and Hippocampal Microstructural Changes in Mice Caused by Feeding on Western Diet

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