Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations alter grapevine (Vitis vinifera) systemic transcriptional response to European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) herbivory

Abstract

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations are among the chief factors shaping the mode and magnitude of interactions between plants and herbivorous insects. Here, we describe the first global analysis of systemic transcriptomic responses of grapevine Vitis vinifera plants to feeding of European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana larvae at future elevated CO 2 concentrations. The study was conducted on mature, fruit-bearing grapevine plants under ambient and elevated CO 2 concentrations in a grapevine free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facility. Grapevine transcriptional response to herbivory was clearly dependent on phenological stage, with a higher number of differentially expressed genes identified at fruit development compared to berry ripening. At fruit development, more transcripts were differentially expressed as a response to herbivory under elevated compared to ambient CO 2 concentrations. Classification of the respective transcripts revealed that in particular genes involved in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and plant-pathogen interactions were significantly enriched. Most of these genes had similar expression patterns under both CO 2 concentrations, with a higher fold-change under elevated CO 2 concentrations. Differences in expression levels of a subset of herbivory responsive genes were further validated by RT-qPCR. Our study indicates that future elevated CO 2 concentrations will affect interactions between grapevine plants and one of its key insect pests, with consequences for future relevance of L. botrana in worldwide viticulture.

Exploring future changes in synchrony between grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>) and its major insect pest, <i>Lobesia botrana</i>

“…Our results generally confirm that L. botrana will, overall, benefit from more favourable climatic conditions for developing and feeding on its host V. vinifera in the future, which is expected to lead to more damage to V. vinifera (Reineke and Selim, 2019), especially around the harvest time. For example, at Stäfa, projections suggest no pressure of L. botrana G1_50 on V. vinifera flowering under RCP4.5, whereas pressure would be much stronger under the RCP8.5 scenario.…”

“…Changing climatic conditions have been shown to affect the developmental rates and population dynamics of L. botrana (Caffarra et al, 2012;Gilioli et al, 2016;Gutierrez et al, 2012Gutierrez et al, , 2018Martín-Vertedor et al, 2010;Thiéry and Moreau, 2005). These effects could be further enhanced under higher CO 2 concentrations, for example through an increase in food intake and damage to leaves (Becker et al, 2022;Reineke and Selim, 2019). If some generations are more damaged than others, protection measures can be necessary for all generations when the economic thresholds are reached (Vassilou et al, 2009).…”

Rootstocks Shape Their Microbiome—Bacterial Communities in the Rhizosphere of Different Grapevine Rootstocks

“…The experiment site was located at Geisenheim University, Germany (49°59′N, 7°57′E; 96 m above sea level) in the wine-growing region of Rheingau. The climate of the region is temperate oceanic (Köppen-Geiger classification: Cfb) [ 18 ]. The mean annual temperature of the 1986–2010 period is 10.5 °C and the total annual precipitation averages 543.0 mm [ 19 ].…”

Elevated CO2 Levels Impact Fitness Traits of Vine Mealybug Planococcus ficus Signoret, but Not Its Parasitoid Leptomastix dactylopii Howard

“…400 ppm) control. For a detailed description of the VineyardFACE design, see [5,41] and Supplementary Figure S1. Field experiments were conducted between mid-July and mid-September 2016.…”