Elevated and Slowed EEG Oscillations in Patients with Post-Concussive Syndrome and Chronic Pain Following a Motor Vehicle Collision

Buchanan, Derrick Matthew; Ros, Tomas; Nahas, Richard

doi:10.3390/brainsci11050537

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In patients with chronic pain, brain wave activity has most commonly increased in the theta bandwidth [7; 9; 39]. It is believed that increased theta wave activity is associated with thalamocortical dysrhythmia, creating thalamocortical loops which may lead to abnormal gamma wave activity and the symptoms of chronic pain [12; 27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of focused muscle contraction therapy on chronic pain and Brodmann Area activity in former National Football League players

Cohen

Hachaj²,

Romera

et al. 2022

Preprint

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NFL players have a traumatic injury rate approaching 100%; chronic pain with decreased concentration occur commonly. This study examined the role of a novel focused muscle contraction therapy for the treatment of chronic pain and identified its impact on brain activity. Chronic pain was assessed by numerical score, neuropathic component, and impact on daily activities in 8 retired players. Brain activity was characterized by QEEG with low-resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis and functional measures of visual and auditory attention. Focused muscle contraction muscle therapy administered twice weekly for 6 months was tapered to twice monthly by 12 months. Brodmann Areas (BA) 4 and 9, known to associate with chronic pain, showed values outside the clinically normal range; mean pain duration was 16.5 +- 12.9 years. At 6 months, 5/8 subjects reported pain scores of 0. High beta wave activity was seen in BA 19, 21, 29, 30, and 39, affecting auditory, visual, and body perceptions. Clinically relevant improvements were observed in auditory attention and visual stamina. Pain relief was sustained through 18 months of follow-up. Focused muscle contraction therapy appears to redirect brain activity to new areas of activity which are associated with long-lasting relief of chronic pain and its detriments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of focused muscle contraction therapy on chronic pain and Brodmann Area activity in former National Football League players

Cohen

Hachaj²,

Romera

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Thus, robust resting state alpha activity is considered an indicator of healthy cognitive functioning. Reduced alpha power or lowered alpha peak frequencies resulting from aging, head trauma, or exposure to toxins may be correlated with a neurological disorder or brain impairment, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), or dementia (Scally et al, 2018; Buchanan et al, 2021). Both the power and topography of the alpha rhythm is altered in epilepsy patients (Abela et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive investigation of intracortical and corticothalamic models of alpha rhythms

Bastiaens,

Momi,

Griffiths

2024

Preprint

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Alpha rhythms are a robust phenomenon prominently observed in posterior resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) that has been shown to play a key role in a number of cognitive processes. However, the underlying mechanisms behind their generation is poorly understood. Here, we showcase the most concrete, mathematically-expressed theoretical foundations for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying the alpha rhythmogenesis. The neural population models of interest are Jansen-Rit (JR), Moran-David-Friston (MDF), Robinson-Rennie-Wright (RRW), and Liley-Wright (LW). Common elements between all models are identified, such as the description of each neural population in the form of a second-order differential equation with a potential-to-rate operator represented as a sigmoid and a rate-to-potential operator usually expressed as an impulse response. Even though these models have major differences, they can be meaningfully compared by associating parameters of analogous biological significance, which we summarize with a unified parameter table. With these correspondences, rate constants and connectivity parameter space is explored to identify common patterns between similar behaviors, such as the role of excitatory-inhibitory interactions in the generation of oscillations. Through stability analysis, two different alpha generation mechanisms were identified: one noise-driven and one self-sustaining oscillation in the form of a limit cycle emerging due to a Andronov-Hopf bifurcation. This work contributes to improving our mechanistic and theoretical understanding on candidate theories of alpha rhythmogenesis.

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“…2009; Franke et al 2016; Lewine et al 2019; Buchanan, Ros, and Nahas 2021; Mallas et al 2022). This is in stark contrast to only 20% of the mTBI cohort showing any abnormalities in MRI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild blast TBI raises gamma connectivity, EEG power, and reduces GABA interneuron density

May,

Tsikonofilos,

Donat

et al. 2023

Preprint

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At least one traumatic brain injury (TBI) will be experienced by approximately 50-60 million of the world’s population in their lifetime and is the biggest cause of death and disability in those under 40. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can induce subtle changes but have long-lasting effects that may be difficult to detect through conventional neurological assessment, including standard clinical imaging techniques. These changes can lead to an increased risk of future neurodegeneration and emphasises the need to use more sensitive diagnostic tools such as EEG in order to identify injury and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.In this study, we investigated electrophysiological and histopathological changes in a rat model of mild blast-induced TBI. We used a 32-channel EEG electrode array to detect global and local changes in neural activity and functional connectivity in acute (3 to 4-hours) as well as chronic phases (1 and 3-months) post-injury. GABAergic inhibitory interneurons, crucial for maintaining an excitatory/inhibitory balance, were quantified using immunohistochemistry.Mild blast-induced TBI had minimal effects on resting power and connectivity at the acute timepoint but resulted in resting-state global power increases at all frequencies as well as a relative power increase in slow-wave frequencies in the chronic phase post-injury. Functional connectivity increases in the gamma frequency along with increases in power in the chronic phase pointed towards an alteration in the excitatory/inhibitory balance. Indeed, electrophysiological changes were associated with reduced density of GABAergic interneurons at 7-days, 1-month, and 3months post-injury, with a decrease in somatostatin-positive cell density in the 5th layer of all cortical regions of interest, and a parvalbumin decrease in the 5thlayer of the primary auditory cortex. In contrast, the total number of neurons, measured by NeuN did not change significantly, thus demonstrating a biased impact on inhibitory interneuron populations.Our work demonstrates that the techniques and metrics of injury assessment employed in this study are sensitive enough to reflect the subtle changes present in mTBI and therefore hold potential clinical relevance. By using non-invasive EEG assessments and histopathology, we were able to reveal direct correlates and potential sources of the abnormalities caused by mild blast-induced TBI.

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Elevated and Slowed EEG Oscillations in Patients with Post-Concussive Syndrome and Chronic Pain Following a Motor Vehicle Collision

Cited by 17 publications

References 69 publications

The effect of focused muscle contraction therapy on chronic pain and Brodmann Area activity in former National Football League players

The effect of focused muscle contraction therapy on chronic pain and Brodmann Area activity in former National Football League players

A comprehensive investigation of intracortical and corticothalamic models of alpha rhythms

Mild blast TBI raises gamma connectivity, EEG power, and reduces GABA interneuron density

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