Elevage camelin en Afrique du Nord : état des lieux et perspectives

Faye, Bernard; Jaouad, Mohamed; Bhrawi, K.; Senoussi, Abdelhakim; Bengoumi, Mohammed

doi:10.19182/remvt.20563

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Such a change was associated with the launching of the National Fund of Agricultural Development (FNDA) during that year and including the provision of subsidies for newborn camels and carrying out a camel herd census. Therefore, Algerian camel breeders redirected their camels grazing beyond the border, in Niger (Faye et al 2014). The border closure between Saudi Arabia and Qatar in 2018 also led to an important transborder movement of camel herds from Saudi grazing areas to Qatar as mentioned in the press (https://gulfbusiness.com/qataris-ship-home-thousands-camels-stranded-saudi-via-kuwait/).…”

Section: Official Data or Estimation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

How many large camelids in the world? A synthetic analysis of the world camel demographic changes

Faye

2020

Pastoralism

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At world level, the current official number of large camelids cannot be determined exactly (it is estimated to be more than 35 million heads), and the role of camels in the livestock economy is highly variable. The only reliable statistics are provided by FAO since 1961. According to these data, five different patterns of demographic changes have been observed. In countries marked by a regular or drastic decline of their camelid population, a tendency to re-increase has been in force since the beginning of the century, except in India. Generally, countries marked by a sharp recent increase in their large camelid population have implemented a census and readjusted their data. Many inconsistencies occur in available data, most notably cases arising from changes occurring in state status (for example secession of Eritrea, Soviet Union collapse). Moreover, large camelid stocks in Australia, in countries of new camel establishment (Western countries) and those related to the expansion of camel farming, notably in Africa, are not recorded in the international database. In addition, there is no distinction between dromedary and Bactrian data. The present large camelid population in the world is probably more than 40 million and could reach 60 million after 25 years from now if the current demographic trend is maintained.

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Section: Official Data or Estimation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

How many large camelids in the world? A synthetic analysis of the world camel demographic changes

Faye

2020

Pastoralism

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“…For the countries of North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt), the total population decreased from 1,031,000 heads in the 1960s to 879,000 in 2011 with 163,000 heads in Morocco; 315,000 in Algeria; 237,000 in Tunisia; 57,000 in Libya; and 107,000 in Egypt (369). The density of dromedary camels per inhabitant has been estimated at one dromedary camel per 45 humans in Tunisia, one per 98 in Libya, one per 119 in Algeria, one per 200 in Morocco, and one per 792 in Egypt, but these values calculated on the global populations of dromedary camels and humans do not reflect the regional discrepancies (438). For example, in Morocco, 58% of dromedary camels are (407).…”

Section: Domestication and Breeding Of The Dromedary Camel (Camelus Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

et al. 2020

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The "One Health" concept recognizes that human health is connected to animal health and to the ecosystems. Coxiella burnetii-induced human Q fever is one of the most widespread neglected zoonosis. The main animal reservoirs responsible for C. burnetii transmission to humans are domesticated ruminants, primarily goats, sheep, and cattle. Although studies are still too sparse to draw definitive conclusions, the most recent C. burnetii serosurvey studies conducted in herds and farms in Africa, North Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Asia highlighted that seroprevalence was strikingly higher in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) than in other ruminants. The C. burnetii seroprevalence in camel herds can reach more than 60% in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan, and 70 to 80% in Algeria and Chad, respectively. The highest seroprevalence was in female camels with a previous history of abortion. Moreover, C. burnetii infection was reported in ticks of the Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma impeltatum species collected on camels. Even if dromedary camels represent <3% of the domesticated ruminants in the countries of the Mediterranean basin Southern coast, these animals play a major socioeconomic role for millions of people who live in the arid zones of Africa, Middle East, and Asia. In Chad and Somalia, camels account for about 7 and 21% of domesticated ruminants, respectively. To meet the growing consumers demand of camel meat and milk (>5 million tons/year of both raw and pasteurized milk according to the Food and Agriculture Organization) sustained by a rapid increase of population (growth rate: 2.26-3.76 per year in North Africa), dromedary camel breeding tends to increase from the Maghreb to the Arabic countries. Because of possible long-term persistence of C. burnetii in camel hump adipocytes, this pathogen could represent a threat for herds and breeding farms and ultimately for public health. Because this review highlights a hyperendemia of C. burnetii in dromedary camels, a proper screening of herds and breeding farms for C. burnetii is urgently needed in countries where camel breeding is on the rise. Moreover, the risk of C. burnetii transmission from camel to human should be further evaluated.

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“…Notwithstanding, it is still used in transport, draught and agriculture activities in several harsh regions in Africa and Asia, significantly contributing to economical and food security of local pastoralist communities [25]. In the last years, the camel farming system has experienced rapid changes, with increasing set-up of periurban dairy farms and dairy plants, diversification of camel products and market penetration [26]. This trend toward a more intensive production system is accompanied by increasing use of artificial insemination, higher culling rates, and higher selection pressure on the best performing animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weak Genetic Structure in Northern African Dromedary Camels Reflects Their Unique Evolutionary History

et al. 2017

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Knowledge on genetic diversity and structure of camel populations is fundamental for sustainable herd management and breeding program implementation in this species. Here we characterized a total of 331 camels from Northern Africa, representative of six populations and thirteen Algerian and Egyptian geographic regions, using 20 STR markers. The nineteen polymorphic loci displayed an average of 9.79 ± 5.31 alleles, ranging from 2 (CVRL8) to 24 (CVRL1D). Average He was 0.647 ± 0.173. Eleven loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg proportions (P<0.05), due to excess of homozygous genotypes in all cases except one (CMS18). Distribution of genetic diversity along a weak geographic gradient as suggested by network analysis was not supported by either unsupervised and supervised Bayesian clustering. Traditional extensive/nomadic herding practices, together with the historical use as a long-range beast of burden and its peculiar evolutionary history, with domestication likely occurring from a bottlenecked and geographically confined wild progenitor, may explain the observed genetic patterns.

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Elevage camelin en Afrique du Nord : état des lieux et perspectives

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

How many large camelids in the world? A synthetic analysis of the world camel demographic changes

How many large camelids in the world? A synthetic analysis of the world camel demographic changes

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

Weak Genetic Structure in Northern African Dromedary Camels Reflects Their Unique Evolutionary History

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