Elephant fossil record from Italy: knowledge, problems, and perspectives

Palombo, Maria Rita; Ferretti, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2004.04.018

Cited by 88 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…característicos del Galeriense, tales como Elephas Antiquus y Ursus deningeri (Palombo y Ferretti 2005;Palombo et al 2008). El estudio de la microfauna de la unidad 7, ha identificado la asociación Mimomys savini -Iberomys huescarensis generalmente considerada como un buen marcador cronológico .…”

Section: El Yacimiento De Vallparadís (Evt)unclassified

Datación por <i>ESR</i> del yacimiento arqueológico del Pleistoceno inferior de Vallparadís (Terrassa, Cataluña, España)

Duval¹,

Moreno²,

Shao³

et al. 2011

Trab. prehist.

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Excavated between 2005 and 2007, the site of Vallparadís (Terrassa, Spain) has given an abundant and diversified fauna associated with a rich Mode 1 industry. In order to complete the chronostratigraphic framework, we performed ESR and combined US-ESR dating applied to quartz grains extracted from sediments and fossil teeth, respectively. The results obtained are very significant, giving a weighted mean ESR age of 0.83 ± 0.13 Ma (2σ) for the reference archaeological level of the site (level 10) and another of 0.79 ± 0.23 Ma (2σ) for the archaeological level 12 of the Vallparadís sequence. These ESR results are in total agreement with the ones derived from biochronology and paleomagnetism. This whole dataset allows the elaboration of a reliable and consistent chronostratigraphic framework which chronologically places Vallparadís site in the late Early Pleistocene period, i.e. within a time range comprised between Jaramillo and Brunhes geomagnetic events. Consequently, as well as Gran Dolina-TD6 and Sima del Elefante- TE9 sites, in Atapuerca, Burgos, Vallparadís can be therefore considered as a key site for the study of early hominid settlements in Europe.

Excavado entre 2005 y 2007, el yacimiento de Vallparadís (Terrassa, España) ha aportado una fauna rica y diversa en asociación con un importante conjunto lítico de Modo 1. Con el objetivo de completar el marco cronoestratigráfico, se hicieron dataciones por los métodos de Resonancia Paramagnética Electrónica (Electron Spin Resonance, ESR) y ESR combinada con uranio-torio sobre algunas muestras de granos de cuarzo extraídos de sedimentos y dientes fósiles, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos son muy significativos, ofreciendo edades ESR promedias de 0,83 ± 0,13 Ma (2σ) para el nivel arqueológico de referencia del yacimiento (nivel 10) y de 0,79 ± 0,23 Ma (2σ) para el nivel arqueológico 12 de la secuencia de Vallparadís. Dichos resultados por ESR concuerdan con los obtenidos a partir de la biocronología y del paleomagnetismo. El yacimiento de Vallparadís dispone ahora de un marco cronoestratigráfico fiable y coherente, que permite situarlo cronológicamente a finales del Pleistoceno inferior, dentro de un rango temporal comprendido entre los eventos geomagnéticos de Jaramillo y Brunhes. Dicho yacimiento junto a los de Gran Dolina TD-6 y Sima del Elefante TE-9, en Atapuerca, Burgos, se posiciona como un yacimiento clave para el estudio de los primeros poblamientos humanos de Europa

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Section: El Yacimiento De Vallparadís (Evt)unclassified

Datación por <i>ESR</i> del yacimiento arqueológico del Pleistoceno inferior de Vallparadís (Terrassa, Cataluña, España)

Duval¹,

Moreno²,

Shao³

et al. 2011

Trab. prehist.

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“…Many publications deal with this issue. In the following the most important results of Lister (1996), Lister and Sher (2001), Wei et al (2003) Lister et al (2005 and Palombo and Ferretti (2005) related to this topic will be discussed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Not only the geologic age but the observed mosaic molar morphology (meridionalis-like ET, intermediate or slightly advanced H m /W m and LF, trogontherii-like P) of the NHNM V.72.116 specimen is also very similar to several representatives of the material from Voigtstedt, as Vörös (1979) noticed. Palombo and Ferretti (2005) indicated the co-occurrence of the M. meridionalis and M. trogontherii in the Ponte Galeria Formation (Italy, Slivia Faunal Unit). The Slivia Faunal Unit correlates directly with the Late Biharian (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Revision of the “Archidiskodon meridionalis ürömensis” Vörös, 1979 in the context of the mammoth evolution in Eurasia

Virág¹

2009

Central European Geology

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A single tooth from the locality of Üröm-hegy (Hungary) was designated as the holotype specimen of "Archidiskodon meridionalis ürömensis" by Vörös (1979). The observed morphology of the tooth, with a minimum of 15 molar plates (most likely 17) led to the conclusion that this specimen belongs to Mammuthus trogontherii rather than a subspecies of M. meridionalis. On the basis of rodent biostratigraphy a date in the region of MIS 19-17 seems likely (i.e. c. 0.8 Ma -c. 0.7 Ma). Taking into account the meridionalis-like enamel thickness (3.1 to 3.4 mm, mean 3.2 mm) as well as the intermediate or slightly advanced relative crown height (1.65) and lamellar frequency (6), the specimen shows mosaic morphology, which fits well in the framework of the contemporaneous European mammoth-bearing localities (e.g. Voigtstedt). Taking all the evidence together it seems that this molar is not only a misinterpreted specimen, but a representative of a very important period of mammoth evolution in Eurasia, when M. meridionalis and M. trogontherii occurred together in Europe and when the genetic mixing between the adjacent populations resulted in a hybrid zone, which was responsible for mosaic or intermediate individuals, such as the holotype of "Archidiskodon meridionalis ürömensis".

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“…Mammuthus meridionalis is present with an advanced form referred, in the past century, to M. m. vestinus Azzaroli, 1977. Recent analyses of the Early Pleistocene elephantids from Italy suggest that this form could be considered not valid, and diff erences in the specimens due to intraspecifi c and ontogenetic variability (Palombo & Ferretti 2005). From a paleobotanical point of view the aforementioned faunal renewal cannot easily be explained because the long pollen diagram available for the Pietrafi tta site (Lona & Bertoldi 1973) does not show evidence of drastic changes of the vegetational successions and of the cyclicity in respect to the preceding intervals.…”

Section: The Villafranchian Mammal Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Biochronology and palaeoenvironmental changes from the Middle Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene in Central Italy

et al. 2011

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Paleoenvironmental variations that occurred in Italy from the Middle Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene are described. Th e number of large mammal species seems increased moderately, especially from the Galerian to the Late Aurelian biochronological units. On the contrary, the paleobotanical data show a decrease of the forest cover from the Middle Pliocene to the late Early Pleistocene and an increase of lands occupied by prairies and steppes. Th is change is also supported by the appearance of hypsodont taxa among mammals. Th e distribution of mammal faunas between the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian sides of Central Italy, during the Middle and Late Pleistocene, seems not to be infl uenced by climatic and environment diff erences. When the Adriatic data are more complete, it is possible, in fact, to observe a trend that is fairly close to that of the Tyrrhenian. Th e majority of megaherbivorous taxa has an Asian origin, and it can be hypothesized that in the interglacial phases, the Tosco-Emilian Apennines allowed the taxa coming from the northeast to enter and spread out into the more diversifi ed Tyrrhenian side, whereas during the glacial periods the

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Elephant fossil record from Italy: knowledge, problems, and perspectives

Cited by 88 publications

References 19 publications

Datación por <i>ESR</i> del yacimiento arqueológico del Pleistoceno inferior de Vallparadís (Terrassa, Cataluña, España)

Datación por <i>ESR</i> del yacimiento arqueológico del Pleistoceno inferior de Vallparadís (Terrassa, Cataluña, España)

Revision of the “Archidiskodon meridionalis ürömensis” Vörös, 1979 in the context of the mammoth evolution in Eurasia

Biochronology and palaeoenvironmental changes from the Middle Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene in Central Italy

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