Elephant blood haematology and chemistry

Brown, Ian R.; White, P.T.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(80)90107-8

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The normal concentrations of a few serum enzymes in Indian elephants have been reported by Nirmalan and Nair (1969) and Niemuller et al (1990) and in African elephants by Brown and White (1980) and Allen et al (1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Normal values for certain serum enzymes of clinical value in indian elephants

Sreekumar

Nirmalan

1992

Vet Res Commun

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Normal values for certain serum enzymes of clinical value in indian elephants

Sreekumar

Nirmalan

1992

Vet Res Commun

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“…In the brown bear, Halloran & Pearson (1972) observed variations in blood concentrations of calcium, potassium, urea, and creatinine along the year. Brown & White (1980) observed variations in the total protein in the blood of elephants which were related to the habitat they occupied and the period of the year considered. Knick et al (1993) studying the hematology and blood chemistry of bobcats, Felis rufus, observed variations in cholesterol levels between animals captured in spring and autumn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal variations in blood parameters of the Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis

Colares

Bianchini

et al. 2000

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…That would amount to 24% of all Asian elephant calves born in captivity in European zoos. 2,17 Although several studies have described the blood mineral status in predominantly Asian elephants, 1,[4][5][6]9,11,14,20,22,[25][26][27][34][35][36]38,40 only a few studies have addressed calcium status in elephants. 20,25 To the authors' knowledge, only one study involved assessment of markers of bone status in Asian elephants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND CHOLECALCIFEROL SUPPLEMENTATION ON SEVERAL PARAMETERS OF CALCIUM STATUS IN PLASMA AND URINE OF CAPTIVE ASIAN (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) AND AFRICAN ELEPHANTS (LOXODONTA AFRICANA)

Sonsbeek¹,

Kolk²,

Leeuwen³

et al. 2013

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Abstract:The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of oral calcium and cholecalciferol supplementation on several parameters of calcium status in plasma and urine of captive Asian (Elephas maximus; n ¼ 10) and African elephants (Loxodonta africana; n ¼ 6) and to detect potential species differences. Calcium and cholecalciferol supplementation were investigated in a feeding trial using a crossover design consisting of five periods of 28 days each in summer. From days 28-56 (period 2), elephants were fed the Ca-supplemented diet and from days 84-112, elephants were fed the cholecalciferol-supplemented diet (period 4). The control diet was fed during the other periods and was based on their regular ration, and the study was repeated similarly during winter. Periods 1, 3, and 5 were regarded as washout periods. This study revealed species-specific differences with reference to calcium and cholecalciferol supplementation. Asian elephants showed a significant increase in mean plasma total calcium concentration following calcium supplementation during summer, suggesting summerassociated subclinical hypocalcemia in Western Europe. During winter, no effect was seen after oral calcium supplementation, but a significant increase was seen both in mean plasma, total, and ionized calcium concentrations after cholecalciferol supplementation in Asian elephants. In contrast, evidence of subclinical hypocalcemia could be demonstrated neither in summer nor in winter in African elephants, although 28 days of cholecalciferol supplementation during winter reversed the decrease in plasma 1,25(OH)2-cholecalciferol and was followed by a significant increase in mean plasma total calcium concentration. Preliminary findings indicate that the advisable permanent daily intake for calcium in Asian elephants and cholecalciferol in both elephant species at least during winter might be higher than current guidelines. It is strongly recommended to monitor blood calcium concentrations and, if available, blood parathyroid hormone levels to adjust the nutritional supplementation for each individual elephant.

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Elephant blood haematology and chemistry

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Normal values for certain serum enzymes of clinical value in indian elephants

Normal values for certain serum enzymes of clinical value in indian elephants

Seasonal variations in blood parameters of the Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis

EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND CHOLECALCIFEROL SUPPLEMENTATION ON SEVERAL PARAMETERS OF CALCIUM STATUS IN PLASMA AND URINE OF CAPTIVE ASIAN (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) AND AFRICAN ELEPHANTS (LOXODONTA AFRICANA)

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