Éléments pour l’étude des documents prescripteurs

Leplat, Jacques

doi:10.4000/activites.1293

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Autonomy is defined as the room that a worker has to maneuver to perform a task according to the prescription (Everaere 2006). Prescription is defined as instructions on how to perform the tasks (Leplat 2004). The performance of tasks following strict prescription with no or few technical responsibilities indicates a low level of autonomy (Everaere 2006).…”

Section: Conceptual Guidelines From Management Science To Understand mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new framework to analyze changes in work organization for permanent employees on livestock farms

Malanski

Ingrand

Hostiou

2019

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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The importance of a hired workforce for the competitiveness of livestock farms emerges in a context of a decreasing family workforce and increasing farm size. Farmers' need for a regular workforce to perform labor-intensive tasks can conflict with the attractiveness of jobs and high rates of turnover among farm employees. Within farmers' strategies to attract and retain employees, little attention has been given to understand the role of work changes over time during the careers of employees on farms. We thus developed a framework to understand how employees' work organization on farms change over time since recruitment. Key concepts from human resource management and organizational change are the theoretical guidelines used to shape the framework. This conceptual base indicates what needs to be considered to understand changes in employees' work. Empirical data were used to transform the concepts into practical variables to analyze changes in employees' work. We interviewed 14 employees and 8 farmers (their employers) on dairy farms and collected data on work organization and changes over time, focusing on tasks performed by employees since recruitment, team composition, and farm history. The framework is composed of 8 variables that describe how work evolves according to changes in task assignments, changes in the way work is organized (versatility vs. specialization), and the level of autonomy afforded to workers. It also considers what drives these evolutions and the rhythm of evolution over time. The framework can be used by researchers to better understand trade-offs between labor management and farm changes over time. This is a new approach for analyzing work organization on livestock farms considering changes in work from the perspective of employees.

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Section: Conceptual Guidelines From Management Science To Understand mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new framework to analyze changes in work organization for permanent employees on livestock farms

Malanski

Ingrand

Hostiou

2019

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…Les modes de planification des précautions à prendre tels qu'exprimés dans les exigences de sécurité sont aussi examinés. Les exigences prescrivent (prévoir des gants et une hotte aspirante) (Leplat 2005) Dans cet exemple, on voit que des considérations générales telles que 'instruire le personnel' ne sont pas présentes dans une procédure particulière puisqu'il s'agit en fait d'une règle très générale. Elle n'aurait guère de sens dans un contexte procédural particulier, mais pourrait apparaitre par exemple dans des prérequis.…”

Section: Un Travail Similaire Pour L'anglais Est En Cours D'étude E unclassified

La confrontation procédures - exigences de sécurité dans LELIE : études de cas

Saint-Dizier¹,

Kang²,

Albert³

et al. 2015

Congrès Lambda Mu 19 De Maîtrise Des Risques Et Sûreté De Fonctionnement

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RésuméLe projet ANR LELIE est dédié à l'analyse et à la prévention des risques en milieu industriel tels qu'ils sont détectables à partir des documents techniques élaborés par ces industries, en particulier les documents procéduraux qui sont de loin les plus importants ainsi que les exigences. Les risques couvrent aussi bien les accidents du travail que les risques écologiques. Le projet se concentre sur l'analyse des textes procéduraux (liés à la production, la maintenance, l'installation, etc.) via des formalismes et des technologies d'analyse de la langue naturelle et de l'intelligence artificielle. Un point important de ce projet est lié à la détection du non-respect d'exigences de sécurité dans les procédures. Le but est de s'assurer que les consignes ou avertissements de sécurité indiqués dans la réglementation, dans une base d'exigences métier ou dans des fiches de sécurité sont présents, non ambigus, complets et au bon endroit dans les procédures concernées. SummaryThe ANR project LELIE is dedicated to risk analysis and prevention in industrial contexts as they can be detected from technical documents, in particular procedures and requirements. Risks cover health as well as ecological problems. This project concentrates on the analysis of procedural texts (texts related to production, launch, maintenance, etc.) via natural language and artificial intelligence formalisms and tools. An important point is the detection of the lack or of partial specifications of security requirements in texts. The objective of this paper is to show via examples how safety requirements can be checked in procedures by making sure they are comprehensive, non-ambiguous, and at the right place(s) in the text.

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“…De uma forma geral, diversos estudos avaliaram a pertinência das prescrições em situações de trabalho. Autores como Hatchuel (1996), Lima (1994), Lima e Schwartz (2002), Leplat (2004) e Terssac e Maggi (1996) apontam suas limitações, mostrando que a eficácia do trabalho não provém do respeito às instruções, pois elas não dão conta da variabilidade presente nas situações produtivas, que decorrem tanto dos indivíduos quanto dos dispositivos técnicos e organizacionais. Nessa perspectiva, a prescrição não alimenta a atividade, pois não dá conta da variabilidade e imprevistos que são inerentes aos sistemas produtivos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

A pertinência dos documentos prescritos nas atividades dos profissionais de manutenção industrial: o caso de uma indústria automobilística

Carvalho

Menegon

2014

Gest. Prod.

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A great many maintenance works are described in precise written instructions. These instructions are related to a particular type of equipment/machine. In maintenance instructions, the repairs of equipment are described in a pattern of stability and normality where all operations occur in accordance with the expected, as if they were made at the workshop, as individual equipment. But actually, the repairs occur in complex environments. Quite often, the rules described in the instructions have to be adapted, or sometimes broken, to enable repair under real conditions. This paper is the result of a research conducted in the maintenance section of an automotive industry. The objective of this study is to understand the relevance of prescriptions for the execution of maintenance activities, either corrective or preventive. Based on the methodological assumptions of Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA), centered on the distinction between prescribed work and real work and self-confrontation interviews, the activity actually performed was faced with the prescription, showing many sources of variability, constraints and contingencies that are managed by professionals during the course of action; mobilizing skills based on experience and know-how, as well as anticipation strategies for the control of situations and actions not always conscious, which indeed ensures effective commitment between production and safety. The results indicate that these prescriptions, even though developed with the effective participation of professionals, are inefficient for the live work. The constraints on the real work are the result of the logic of live activity, unavoidable gap between the works prescribed and the real ones.Resumo: Um grande número de trabalhos de manutenção é descrito em procedimentos escritos precisos. Tais procedimentos dizem respeito a um determinado tipo de equipamento/máquina. Nos procedimentos de manutenção, as reparações dos equipamentos são descritas dentro de um padrão de estabilidade e normalidade onde todas as operações ocorrem de acordo com o esperado, como se fossem feitas na oficina, como equipamentos isolados. Mas na realidade, as reparações ocorrem em ambientes complexos. Frequentemente, as regras descritas nos procedimentos devem ser adaptadas, ou por vezes desrespeitadas, para permitir o reparo em condições reais. Este artigo é o resultado de pesquisa realizada em uma área de manutenção de máquinas de uma indústria automobilística, objetivando compreender a pertinência das prescrições para a realização das intervenções de manutenção, sejam elas corretivas ou preventivas. Baseada nos pressupostos metodológicos da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET), centrada na distinção entre trabalho prescrito e trabalho real e entrevistas em autoconfrontação, a atividade efetivamente realizada foi confrontada com a prescrição, evidenciando diversas fontes de variabilidade, constrangimentos e imprevistos que são geridas pelos profissionais durante o curso da ação, mobilizando suas competências, baseadas na experiência e sab...

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Éléments pour l’étude des documents prescripteurs

Abstract: Le document correspond-il bien à ce que son concepteur veut faire exécuter ? Ce dernier at -il bien exprimé la procédure qu'il souhaite ? La transposition de la tâche en termes de procédure pour l'opérateur est-elle correcte quand elle est réalisée exactement ?

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

A new framework to analyze changes in work organization for permanent employees on livestock farms

A new framework to analyze changes in work organization for permanent employees on livestock farms

La confrontation procédures - exigences de sécurité dans LELIE : études de cas

A pertinência dos documentos prescritos nas atividades dos profissionais de manutenção industrial: o caso de uma indústria automobilística

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