Elements of Spiritual Leadership and its Relations to Leadership Communication in Imran Khan’s Speeches at International Forums

Abstract

The study employs Western spiritual leadership theories yet is supposed to be from an Asian-Pakistani perspective. Associating Imran Khan’s (IK) political communication with these spiritual leadership theories would transform them into the eastern-cum-Asian context. IK and other world leaders may communicate distinctively in public interaction. Because political/religious leaders in Pakistan frequently utilise religious references in their communication to persuade their supporters, mediating or moderating political communication or leadership communication accordingly. Thus, spiritual leadership ideas influence attitudes and behaviours religiously. This qualitative study analysed textual speeches employing a directed qualitative content method enhancing trustworthiness. Researchers transcribed IK’s video speeches (2008-2022) using Notta Premium. In the findings, IK cited Islam and Islamic history, knowing that his audience values a spiritual leader who speaks about religious teachings alongside political communication and understands the importance of religious spirituality. His communication may inspire local trust and optimism. However, religious implications in political communication may confound international audiences. Thus, IK utilised local spiritual/religious leadership elements to pursue Pakistanis’ devotedly influenced audience in his speeches.

Social Neuroscience Approach of Persuasion in Visual Communication(s): A Qualitative Content Analysis of Female Representations in Pakistani Advertisements

“…devised the development of an interview guide and transcribing interviews, respectively. However, Aslam et al (2023) conducted their research only by employing directed QCA on text without any interviews. So, the present research would also focus on the content (i.e., images' content).…”

“…An organisation, classroom, individual, program, coded text, interview, transcript (Graneheim & Lundman, 2004;Assarraudi et al, 2018), or image could be the unit of the analysis (Short, 2019). The image was designated as the unit of analysis following the theoretical arguments of previous researchers (Aslam et al, 2023;.…”

“…Samples were finally anchored to major categories and subcategories, emphasising the meaning units (Mayring, 2014). The data were analysed following the aims and categorisation matrix, reviewing the content summarising the meaning units (Graneheim & Lundman, 2004), and applying preliminary coding (Mayring, 2000(Mayring, , 2014 to the data as suggested in previous studies (Aslam et al, 2023;Kibiswa, 2019).…”

Elaboration of Underpinning Methods and Data Analysis Process of Directed Qualitative Content Analysis for Communication Studies

“…The previously mentioned researchers/scholars elaborated the definition based on leadership communication studies. The researchers 109 found earlier academics researching leadership from communication perspectives considered transformational leadership elements equal/parallel to communication (see Aslam, 2024;Aslam et al, 2023). Suppiah et al (2022) examined political leadership transformational leadership communication.…”

“…The study aims to present a novel method and process of analysis within the framework of a directed qualitative content analysis approach. For instance, previous research devised to employ the DCQA 16, 8, and 7 steps (Assarroudi et al, 2018;Aslam et al, 2023;Kibiswa, 2019;Mayring, 2014;Zhang and Wildemuth, 2009 for more details) methods. However, the present article offers a four-step conceptual method (see section 3 for more details) that would be understandable to a layperson/researcher.…”