Elementos anatómicos del complejo articular cráneo-mandibular

Abstract

Describir sobre la base de disecciones de piezas anatómicas, los componentes anatómicos del Complejo Articular Cràneo-Mandibular (CACM). Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron 08 hemicabezas de preparados anatómicos pertenecientes a adultos humanos venezolanos, tratados previamente con formol al 10% y conservados en Gerdex ® sin diluir durante 6 meses, previo a la práctica manual. Consecutivamente, se disecaron los elementos siguiendo el protocolo de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de los Andes y se particularizaron las piezas anatómicas con la finalidad de abordar la diferente naturaleza de los elementos que conforman el CACM. Resultados: La disección anatómica logró contrastar lo referido desde el punto de vista teórico con relación a lo que puede evidenciarse en una intervención quirúrgica, ilustrando el contenido anatómico que la misma posee en condiciones de normalidad. Los elementos del CACM en su mayoría coinciden notablemente con lo descrito en esta investigación; por lo tanto, el conocimiento concreto de estos componentes permite una preparación previa para evitar cualquier complicación o alteración de las condiciones anatómicas de estas estructuras. Conclusiones: Al aplicar esta técnica se contribuyó en el campo investigativo a ampliar el proceso de aprendizaje anatómico teórico-práctico para los profesionales de la Odontología.

Use of “Bicondylar” as a Descriptive Term for the Temporomandibular Joint: A Scoping Review

“…In category II, the articles used phrases such as "The right and left TMJ form a bicondylar articulation" (Baral et al, 2020) or "It is considered a bicondylar joint, since it works simultaneously at both ends of the mandible" (Veras et al, 2021). In category III, the articles used phrases such as "(TMJ is) bicondylar (…) since the condyle of the mandible faces the condyle of the temporal bone" (Contreras et al, 2017); "(TMJ) is a large bicondylar joint consisting of the osseous components which are the glenoid fossa and the mandibular condyle" (Al-Bahrani, 2017) and "the TMJ between the articular fossa of temporal bone above and the mandibular condyle is bicondylar variety of synovial joint" (Nripendra et al, 2017).…”

“…Regarding the way TMJ is described, while 13 articles (54.17 %) considered (explicitly or implicitly) that TMJ is a single joint between a single bone (the jaw) and two bones of the cranium (i), 11 articles (45.83 %) consider that TMJ are actually two different TMJs that work at the same time (ii). While in category (i), the articles referred to the TMJ as a single joint complex, in category (ii), the articles used phrases such as "the TMJs form a bilateral functional joint" (Contreras et al, 2017); "there are two TMJs connected to the same bone (the mandible)" (Pai et al, 2019), "Seventeenth patients (34 TMJs)" (Al-Bahrani et al, 2017), "a bicondylar articulation (…) formed by the right and left TMJ" (Subawari et al, 2020;Baral et al, 2020) or "the left TMJ" (Nripendra et al, 2017;Lemos et al, 2018).…”

“…Although less identified in this review, the Spanish variant of the term is also currently used: Although three articles do not delve into its meaning (category I), the other three use the term following the classical conception (category III) describing the TMJ as "bicondylar" because it articulates two convex bone surfaces, facing the condyle of the mandible with the condyle of the temporal bone (Contreras et al, 2017;Alarcón-Ariza et al, 2019;Kusch & Gaspar, 2020). This concept in Spanish aligned with the one given by the Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de España (RANME); in the award-winning 'Dictionary of medical terms', the RANME defines TMJ as a "… bicondylar joint between the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone above and the condyle of the mandible below" (http://dtme.ranm.es).…”

“…As can be seen, the functional notion of the concept prevails, but the Spanish term cóndilo (condyle) continues to be used both in the expression «cóndilo de la mandíbula» (Condylus mandibulae) and in «cóndilo del temporal» (as a synonym for "articular tubercle" -Tuberculum articulare-) (Fuentes et al, 2015). The descriptive term bicondilar is used both by the classical Spanish literature (Figún & Gariño, 1984;Testut & Latarjet, 1996) and by the current Spanish literature (Contreras et al, 2017) characterizing the TMJ by its two articular surfaces as "Condyles". Unfortunately, it is also used in clinical or therapeutic contexts to describe other conditions that involve both mandibular condyles as "bicondylar fractures" (Arboleda-Ariza et al, 2017) or "bicondylar hyperplasias" (Sedano Balbin et al, 2019), situation that also occurs for that use of the term in English (Cascone et al, 2017;Viloria et al, 2020).…”