“…However, the studies examining the relation between educational background in a given domain and teachers' educational beliefs are scarce and the limited studies that exist have produced mixed findings. Specifically, some studies have found that a strong educational background in the subject-matter taught is positively associated with adaptive educational beliefs (e.g., de Laat & Watters, 1995;Swackhamer et al, 2009;Walter, 2009), whereas several studies have found no significant relationship (e.g., Roberts, Busk, & Comerford, 2001;Stevens & Wenner, 1996;Swackhamer et al, 2009). Moreover, some studies have concluded that there is a negative relationship between the educational background of teachers and their educational beliefs (e.g.…”