Elementary Pathophysiology, Treatment, Risk Factor of Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. It typically manifests as a progressive loss of episodic memory and cognitive function, resulting in language and visuospatial skill deficiencies that are frequently accompanied by behavioural disorders such as apathy, aggression, and depression. The development of extracellular plaques of insoluble Aβ-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau) in the neuronal cytoplasm in patients' brains is a notable pathophysiological cause. Genetics account for approximately 70% of the chance of acquiring AD. Acquired variables like as cerebrovascular illness, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia, on the other hand, enhance the chance of AD development. The purpose of this minireview was to summarise the pathophysiological mechanism, which is a component of clinical trials on therapeutics & risk fact for Alzheimer's disease.