Elemental Profiles of Legumes and Seeds in View of Chemometric Approach

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate fourteen elements’ profiles of legumes and oilseeds, of various geographical origins, available on the Polish market. They were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS) and spectrophotometric method (phosphorus) in 90 analytical samples. In general, legumes were characterized with lower mean concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, P, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Cr than oilseeds. However, the concentrations ranges within each group differed significantly (p < 0.05). Calcium content varied between 6.2 and 243.5 mg/100 g in legumes and 38.4 and 2003 mg/100 g in oilseeds. In the case of Fe, its concentration was between 1.99 mg/100 g and 10.5 mg/100 g in legumes, and 2.05 mg and 12.15 mg/100 g in seeds. All the samples were characterized with Pb concentration below the LOQ (30 µg/100 g). In the case of Cd, its presence (>LOQ, 9 µg/100 g) was confirmed in one sample of legumes (soybean) and five samples of seeds (poppy seeds, roasted linseeds, hulled wheat, linseed, and sunflower seeds). The detected Cd content in every sample, except for soybean and hulled wheat, exceeded the permissible European standards. According to Kruskal-Wallis test results, Mg, Na, K, P, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, and Cd content depended on the type of the analyzed product, while in the case of botanical provenance such relationship was recorded for most of the analyzed components, except for Fe, Cr, and Co. Factor and cluster analyses classified the analyzed samples in view of their botanical species and type based on their mineral composition.

Legume Fingerprinting through Lipid Composition: Utilizing GC/MS with Multivariate Statistics

“…Lentil samples were geographically authenticated using 1 H NMR [32] and ICP-OES [33] coupled to PCA and LDA chemometric tools. Elemental profiles established with F-AAS were also employed to classify legume and oilseed samples available in the Polish market in view of their botanical species and type [34]. However, by applying Factor and Cluster analyses, the authors did not manage to fully discriminate the investigated legumes.…”

Assessment of the Mineral Composition and the Selected Physicochemical Parameters of Dietary Supplements Containing Green Tea Extracts

“…The use of appropriate statistical methods has frequently aided in the interpretation of the results. In many studies, they have become an excellent tool to extend information about the samples [ 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”