Elemental phosphorus for recent sustainable processes: rules and strategies in preparation and applications

Abstract

Nowadays, several sustainable processes have attracted worldwide attention, such as photocatalytic environmental remediation, generation of renewable energy (e.g. hydrogen production) and energy storage (e.g. lithium ion battery). For promoting these...

Challenges and Prospects of Phosphorus‐based Anode Materials for Secondary Batteries

“…[55] Phosphorus-based composite materials synthesized by the solvothermal method exhibit obvious advantages, such as mild reaction conditions, low equipment requirements, relatively low energy consumption, and easy scaling up. [56] However, they also have some disadvantages, such as high production costs caused by long reaction times and expensive autoclaves, potential safety problems in the reaction process, and difficulties in onsite observation of the reaction process. [51]…”

Renaissance of elemental phosphorus materials: properties, synthesis, and applications in sustainable energy and environment

“…85,87 Red-P (amorphous form) is now a widely used industrial allotrope along with white-P. Its commercial chemical, with a purity of around 90%, sells for USD 2-10 per kilogram in the Chinese market. 22 In addition, research on the atomic structure of amorphous red-P has advanced over the decades, and this part will be discussed later.…”

“…Among the diverse materials containing phosphorus, elemental phosphorus materials (EPMs) are the fundamental materials and origin of many complex products. [22][23][24] The This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2023 polymorphism of EPMs arises from different types of phosphorus clusters serving as the building blocks. Phosphorus allotropes such as tetrahedral white phosphorus (white-P), puckered honeycomb-like black phosphorus (black-P), and polygonal chain-like red phosphorus (red-P) have distinctive micro and nanostructures resulting from the diverse covalent bonding nature and arrangement of phosphorus atoms.…”

Photocatalytic seawater splitting for hydrogen fuel production: impact of seawater components and accelerating reagents on the overall performance

“…The photocatalytic reaction is carried out aer purging with nitrogen because the glycerol oxidizes in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen consumption reduces hydrogen selectivity and increases the production of CO 2 more than H 2 through eqn (21).…”

“…19,20 A wide range of materials have evolved to assess their ability for efficient H 2 production. 21 The rst step in this quest is to nd materials with the best band structures that encourage charge separation, while still maintaining structural stability over time and stability against photocorrosion. 22,23 The morphological feature of the material, in addition to its composition and molecular organization, plays a vital role.…”