Elemental mercury at submarine hydrothermal vents in the Bay of Plenty, Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand

Stoffers, Peter; Hannington, Mark D.; Wright, I. C.; Herzig, Peter; Ronde, Cornel de; Party, Shipboard Scientific

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0931:emashv>2.3.co;2

Cited by 101 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There is some circumstantial evidence for Hg dispersion away from hydrothermal sites. For example, Stoffers and colleagues [Stoffers et al, 1999] observed native elemental Hg accumulating on rock surfaces in the shallow water, back arc vent system of the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. They also speculated that these systems might be affecting the concentration of Hg in local fisheries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury and monomethylmercury in fluids from Sea Cliff submarine hydrothermal field, Gorda Ridge

Lamborg¹,

Damm²,

Fitzgerald³

et al. 2006

Geophysical Research Letters

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Submarine hydrothermal systems are hypothesized to be a potentially important source of monomethylmercury (MMHg) to the ocean, yet the amount of MMHg in vent fluids is unknown. Here, we report total Hg and MMHg concentrations in hydrothermal vent fluids sampled from the Sea Cliff site on the Gorda Ridge. MMHg is the dominant Hg species, and levels of total Hg are enhanced slightly compared to seawater. Hg is enriched in deposits surrounding the site, suggesting near‐field deposition from fluid plumes, with rapid MMHg demethylation and scavenging of Hg(II) complexes. Assuming the flux of MMHg from Sea Cliff is representative of global submarine hydrothermal inputs, we estimate a flux of 0.1–0.4 Mmoles y−1, which may be attenuated by scavenging near the vents. However, deep waters are not typically known to be elevated in Hg, and thus we suggest that hydrothermal systems are not significant sources of MMHg to commercial fisheries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury and monomethylmercury in fluids from Sea Cliff submarine hydrothermal field, Gorda Ridge

Lamborg¹,

Damm²,

Fitzgerald³

et al. 2006

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Los sistemas de ventilas hidrotermales someros presentan una amplia distribución (Tarasov et al, 1985(Tarasov et al, , 1991Sarano et al, 1989;Kamenev et al, 1993) como los localizados en la Bahía de Plenty, Nueva Zelanda (Stoffers et al, 1999), el sistema hidrotermal Ambitle y Lihir, en Papúa, Nueva Guinea (Pichler et al, 1999), en la Ensenada de Karaternaya, Rusia (Zhirmunsky y Tarasov, 1990), en la Isla de Milos, Mar Egeo (Dando et al, 1999), en las islas Eólicas, Italia (Gugliandolo et al, 2006), Punta Banda al oeste de la Península de Baja California cerca de la ciudad de Ensenada, México (Vidal et al, 1978), en la parte central de la costa Pacífica de México y en la parte oeste del Golfo de California en Bahía Concepción, México (Prol-Ledesma, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Relación de las características geoquímicas de fluidos hidrotermales con la abundancia y riqueza de especies del fitoplancton de Bahía Concepción, Baja California Sur, México

Estradas-Romero¹,

Prol‐Ledesma²,

Zamudio-Resendiz³

2009

BSGM

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Efecto de fluidos hidrotermales en fitoplancton 87 ResumenEl estudio de la descarga de fluidos hidrotermales en Ensenada Mapachitos en Bahía Concepción (BCS) en el mes de octubre del 2006 incluyó la adquisición y revisión de datos geoquímicos, así como la determinación de la riqueza y abundancia del fitoplancton. Las altas concentraciones de nutrientes se vieron reflejadas en la abundancia del fitoplancton y la zona estudiada presentó, en la escala de nutrientes, un estado eutrófico. En el área de la ventila se registró una concentración de nitratos de 1.61 µM que fue mayor que la registrada para el área de control (0.02 a 0.07 µM). La concentración del amonio en el área de las ventilas (88.09-648.95 µM) y el área de control (17.03-508 μM) también fue más alta con respecto al agua de mar, al igual que los sulfatos (29.9 a 35.79 mM) y el hierro (0.18-0.72 µM). La concentración de los fosfatos se encontró dentro del intervalo observado para aguas oceánicas.El grupo dominante en los tres puntos de muestreo fue el de las diatomeas, registrándose un florecimiento de Chaetoceros curvisetus. El análisis florístico para el fluido hidrotermal se caracterizó por la abundancia de Cyanofitas cuyas especies más abundantes fueron Nostoc pruniforme y Trichodesmium erythraeum. El análisis estadístico de los datos de abundancia permite inferir que hay una diferencia significativa entre las tres muestras y que se trata de comunidades diferentes. Las diferencias encontradas en los sitios de muestreo respecto a la densidad de organismos fitoplanctónicos, la concentración de clorofila-a y la comunidad, pueden ser atribuidas a la influencia de las descargas hidrotermales.Palabras clave: Ventilas hidrotermales someras, diatomeas, Cyanofitas, nutrientes. Abstract The study of hydrothermal fluid discharge at Ensenada Mapachitos in Bahía Concepción (BCS) in October 2006 included the acquisition and review of geochemical data, and the determination of the phytoplankton abundance and richness. High nutrient concentration produced high phytoplankton abundance and the studied area was in a eutrophic state with respect to nutrient contents.In the vent area nitrate concentration (1.61 μM) was higher than in the control area (0.02 to 0.07 μM). The ammonium concentration in the vent area (88.09-648.95 μM) and control area (17.03-508 μM) were higher than those for seawater as well as sulphates (29.9 to 35.79 mM) and iron (0.18-0.72 μM

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“…Natural sources of mercury to the oceans include submarine hydrothermal vents and volcanic activity on the ocean floor and deposition of natural mercury emitted directly to the atmosphere. 46 Hydrothermal vents form in volcanically active areas, often on mid-ocean ridges, where there are gaps in the tectonic plates. Hydrothermal fluids in these vents can reach temperatures as high as 400°C under the high pressures of the ocean floor.…”

Section: Natural Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-depth review of atmospheric mercury: sources, transformations, and potential sinks

Gaffney¹,

Marley²

2014

EECT

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Mercury is a toxic heavy metal that is found naturally throughout the global environment. During the last 100 years, there has been a 70% rise in atmospheric mercury levels over the natural background measured prior to industrialization due to anthropogenic emissions. This increase in mercury levels represents a global threat to the health of ecosystems and humans worldwide. Atmospheric mercury chemistry is complex and its sources and sinks involve equilibrium interactions between the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the geosphere. This review outlines the fundamental chemistry of mercury in gas, aqueous, and solid phases, including inorganic, organic, and complexed mercury species. An understanding of this chemistry is important for understanding the cycling between the various environmental compartments as it affects atmospheric loadings. Further, many of these reactions can also occur in the atmosphere in heterogeneous gas/cloud/aerosol interactions. The sources and fate of mercury in the atmosphere, including the cycling of mercury through soil and water as it impacts atmospheric loadings are therefore examined. The sources of major uncertainties in our understanding of mercury in the atmosphere are also discussed, along with recommendations for future studies that include both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of the various mercury species.

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Elemental mercury at submarine hydrothermal vents in the Bay of Plenty, Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand

Cited by 101 publications

References 21 publications

Mercury and monomethylmercury in fluids from Sea Cliff submarine hydrothermal field, Gorda Ridge

Mercury and monomethylmercury in fluids from Sea Cliff submarine hydrothermal field, Gorda Ridge

Relación de las características geoquímicas de fluidos hidrotermales con la abundancia y riqueza de especies del fitoplancton de Bahía Concepción, Baja California Sur, México

In-depth review of atmospheric mercury: sources, transformations, and potential sinks

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