Elemental Mapping in Natural Rubber Latex Films by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Associated with Transmission Electron Microscopy

Rippel, Márcia Maria; Leite, Carlos A. P.; Galembeck, Fernando

doi:10.1021/ac0111661

Cited by 61 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Natural rubber latex, apart from rubber hydrocarbon (polyisoprene), is also known to contain non-rubber materials, namely phospholipids, proteins and a host of inorganic ions, the most notable among them being metallic cations [20]. Although most of the protein molecules are removed by centrifugation during the latex purification, others remain strongly associated to the latex particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural rubber-clay nanocomposites: Mechanical and structural properties

Rezende

Bragança

Doi

et al. 2010

Polymer

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The mechanical properties of non-vulcanized natural rubber and dialyzed natural rubber-clay nanocomposites have been studied by uniaxial deformations to evaluate the reinforcement efficiency of the clay. We show that while non-rubber molecules contribute to auto-reinforcement, removal of these molecules improves significantly the performance of clay as reinforcement agent. These mechanical properties are discussed in relation to morphological aspects of the clay characterized by TEM and SANS. The nanocomposites prepared by "latex-mixing" with aqueous dispersions of clay are found to contain completely exfoliated clay lamellae in coexistence with tactoids. Improved mechanical properties of the nanocomposites can be modeled by the high aspect ratio of exfoliated clay platelets coupled with immobilized rubber matrix. Interestingly, presence of tactoids does not appear to compromise the excellent reinforcement properties of the exfoliated platelets. At high deformations, strain-induced alignment of the clay exhibits anisotropic scattering, with anisotropy increasing with clay concentration and stretching.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural rubber-clay nanocomposites: Mechanical and structural properties

Rezende

Bragança

Doi

et al. 2010

Polymer

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“…Scale bar is 200 nm. Images acquired by electron spectroscopy imaging (ESI) based on energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) 32 Natural rubber is thus a natural nanocomposite, filled with reinforcing mineral nanoparticles and mobile calcium ions that also form crystallites. 33 Proteins and phospholipids probably contribute to particle-rubber adhesion thanks to their amphiphilic character and to electrostatic adhesion that will be presented ahead.…”

Section: Natural Rubbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives for Biomass Production and Use in Brazil

Galembeck

2017

Rev. Virtual Quim.

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Resumo: O uso de biomassa como uma fonte de energia e de matérias-primas industriais tem crescido, mas com oscilações associadas aos preços do petróleo. Uma frequente objeção ao uso da biomassa como fonte de energia e matérias-primas é a competição com a produção de alimentos, aumentando seus preços e reduzindo a segurança alimentar global. A experiência brasileira das últimas quatro décadas e a recente experiência da Etiópia mostram a possibilidade de se criar sinergias no uso de solo agrícola para múltiplas finalidades. No Brasil, os esforços de produção de combustíveis de biomassa, o álcool e o biodiesel, ocorreram em paralelo com um grande aumento na produção de alimentos e com um aumento relativamente menor na área cultivada. Isso só foi possível graças a um grande aporte de novas tecnologias. O aumento na produção de alimentos produz grandes quantidades de resíduos que são novas oportunidades para P&D. A produção sinérgica de alimentos, energia e matérias-primas é um fator decisivo na busca da sustentabilidade. Palavras-chave:Combustível; alimentos; uso da terra; biomassa; energia renovável; Produtividade vegetal; cana-de-açúcar. AbstractThe use of biomass as a source of energy and raw materials shows an overall growing trend with ups and downs related to oil prices that are in turn heavily affected by political and strategic factors. A frequent objection to the growing use of biomass as a source of energy and raw materials is its competition with food production, decreasing global food security. The Brazilian experience from the past four decades and the recent experience from Ethiopia show that synergies are created by the multipurpose use of agricultural land. In Brazil, the energy push took place in parallel with a large increase in food supply and a relatively small increase in the used land, thanks to technological inputs. A side product of increased food production is the growing amount of biomass residues that are by themselves new opportunities for R&D. Synergic production of food, energy and raw materials are presented as essential features of the roadmap to sustainability.

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“…Their distribution in the rubber was observed by electron spectroscopy imaging (ESI-TEM) in the analytical transmission microscope, which produces elemental maps as shown in Fig. 1 [17]. These micrographs were obtained using inelastically scattered electrons, selected with the help of an electron spectrometer mounted within the column of the microscope.…”

Section: Natural Rubbermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These micrographs were obtained using inelastically scattered electrons, selected with the help of an electron spectrometer mounted within the column of the microscope. The bright spots are the areas that accumulate each element, showing the rubber filled with small particles containing sulfur, aluminum, phosphorus, nitrogen and other elements [17].…”

Section: Natural Rubbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy in food, energy and advanced materials production from biomass

Galembeck

2017

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Biomass is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, as a source of energy and raw materials for industry. However, this is often criticized, based on an alleged competition with food production due to the presumed scarcity of agricultural land. Data from Brazil and Ethiopia show that the creation and dissemination of new agricultural technology actually allows a significant increase in the production of food as well as energy and raw materials from biomass, bringing economic, social and environmental benefits. Moreover, polymers from biomass display unique features that make them suitable as the basis for making advanced materials, with desirable combinations of chemical and physical properties required for some applications. For instance, natural rubber and cellulose have been used to create new complex nanostructured solids capable of performing new functions. Biomass can thus be exploited as a source of new materials as well as petrochemical-like building blocks.

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Elemental Mapping in Natural Rubber Latex Films by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Associated with Transmission Electron Microscopy

Cited by 61 publications

References 19 publications

Natural rubber-clay nanocomposites: Mechanical and structural properties

Natural rubber-clay nanocomposites: Mechanical and structural properties

Perspectives for Biomass Production and Use in Brazil

Synergy in food, energy and advanced materials production from biomass

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