Elemental fingerprint analysis of barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and multivariate statistics

Abstract

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IR-MS) have been used to examine the multi-elemental composition and (15)N/(14)N and (13)C/(12)C isotope ratios of three spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes (Orthega, Barke, and Bartok) grown in three typical Danish agricultural soils (North Jutland, West Jutland, and East Zealand) differing in soil fertility. The aim of the study was to examine whether it was possible to generate a unique elemental fingerprint of individual barley genotypes irrespective of the elemental imprint plants had received from soils differing in fertility and agricultural practice. Multivariate statistics were used to analyze the elemental fingerprints of the barley genotypes at different times during a full growing season from early tillering to full maturity of the barley grains. Initially, 36 elements were analyzed in the plant samples but this number was subsequently reduced to 15 elements: B, Ba, C, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn. These elements exceeded the limit of detection ( LOD) for all genotypes, soil types, and plant growth stages and for these elements the accuracy was better than 90% compared with apple leaf certified reference material (CRM). Principal component analysis (PCA) separated multi-elemental data in accordance with soil type when plants of similar physiological age were compared, whereas this separation disappeared if plants of all ages were compared simultaneously. Isotope ratios (delta(15)N) of plants also proved to be a highly accurate property for classification of samples according to soil type. In contrast, the differences in delta(13)C were too small to enable such classification. The differences in delta(15)N among soils were so pronounced that separation of samples according to the physiological age of plants became redundant. However, delta(15)N and the multi-elemental analysis revealed no differences between the three barley genotypes, indicating that the influence of soil chemistry and possibly also climate and agricultural practice was too large to allow an unique elemental fingerprint for the genotypes. This finding was substantiated by analyzing the multi-elemental composition of grain from two additional genotypes (Otira and Barthos) grown at the north and east locations, respectively. PCA showed not only that the elemental fingerprints of these two genotypes were similar to those of the others, but also that the soil in which the plant had been growing could be accurately predicted on the basis of the PCA scores from the genotypes Orthega, Barke, and Bartok. Similar conclusions could be drawn using delta(15)N data.

Manganese Deficiency Leads to Genotype-Specific Changes in Fluorescence Induction Kinetics and State Transitions

“…Approximately 0.2 g of freeze-dried leaf was digested using 70 mL of polyethylene high-density vials (Capitol Vial) on a graphite heating block (Mod Block; CPI International). A modification of the Environmental Protection Agency method 3050 B was used, as described previously (Husted et al, 2004). Accuracy of the ICP-MS analysis was determined using apple (Malus domestica) leaf certified reference material (standard reference material 1515; National Institute of Standards and Technology).…”

Multivariate classification based on chemical and stable isotopic profiles in sourcing the origin of marijuana samples seized in Brazil

“…Although each one of these strategies provide very interesting and powerful results, the use of a set of variables independents from each other would be able to provides complementary information which could make it a distinct feature in the sourcing their origins. 19,25 Generally, the plants inorganic profile reflects the elemental availability in the soil. This feature allows the using of plant samples as environmental pollution biomonitor, hence they can appear as element accumulator, mainly for toxic metals.…”

“…This feature allows the using of plant samples as environmental pollution biomonitor, hence they can appear as element accumulator, mainly for toxic metals. 26,27 There are many articles in the literature that show the feasibility of using these chemical profile to source the origin of agricultural materials such as wine, 18 wheat, 19 tea 17,28 and barley 25 however data related to Cannabis samples are still scarce.…”

Using whole body elemental fingerprint analysis to distinguish different populations of Coilia nasus in a large river basin

“…(Marcos et al, 1998;Hill, 1998;Husted et al, 2004;Gonzalve et al, 2009). It has even been successfully used to identify the differentiation between cultivars of tea planted in the same plantation (Chen et al, 2009).…”

“…Elemental fingerprint analysis is proved to be a very useful technology in distinguishing biological species or populations (e.g., Shinn et al, 2000;Husted et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2009;Gonz alvez et al, 2009;Ye et al, 2011). A similar approach by using the elemental fingerprinting of fish otoliths has been traditionally applied in various fish ecological studies and especially the life history of fishes (e.g., Campana et al, 1994Campana et al, , 1995Brazner et al, 2004;Jiang et al, 2012).…”