Elemental composition of particles emitted from aircraft: High-sensitivity elemental analysis by using micro-PIXE

Abstract

To achieve the elemental characterization of particles emitted from the aircraft, we performed elemental analysis using micro-PIXE for those emitted from carbon disc brakes and tires in addition to the turbine blade particles and engine reverser particles of the exhaust produced by jet engines, and identified the characteristics of individual particles from the elemental maps. As for the elemental characteristics of aircraft source particles, the turbine blade particles contained 16 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Se, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and W), and were considered to be those of the same origin. In the case of the engine reverser particles, in addition to turbine blade particles and turbine blade wear particles (nickel alloy), atmospheric particles were found. As one hypothesis, particles containing Ti–V, Mn–W and Cu–Zn may have got altered or aggregated in the process of particles moving from the turbine blade to the engine reverser. Clumps of particles were exhibited only in the elemental maps of tire particles. These clumps of particles were shaped like they had been scraped away, and were believed to have been caused by friction between the tire and the runway. These results aid in determining the component features of particles emitted from an aircraft.

Heat Transfer Coefficient of Impeller Rim of High-power Steam Turbine Based on Deep Neural Network

“…In multivariable systems, feed-forward is used to realize self-correction, to decouple the controlled object online, to compensate the coupling and to complete the optimal self-tuning of the controller parameters. It is the unification of adaptive adjustment and decoupling, which is also the basis of intelligent decoupling, and can well meet the requirements of time-varying systems [15][16].…”

About the MATLAB Measurement and Control Technology of Thermal Power Machinery

“…All the signals to be measured, in addition to the conventional signal to characterize the performance, there is also a crankshaft angle analog signal. In order to realize the binding of all other signals with the analog signal of crankshaft angle and facilitate the performance analysis, the analog signal of crankshaft angle generated by the output signal of the photoelectric encoder after processing is collected simultaneously as one way signal [19].…”