Elemental composition and sources of air pollution in the city of Chandigarh, India, using EDXRF and PIXE techniques

Bandhu, H. K.; Puri, S.; Garg, M. L.; Singh, Baljinder; Shahi, J.S.; Mehta, D.; Swietlicki, Erik; Dhawan, D. K.; Mangal, P.C.; Singh, Nirmal

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(99)00574-1

Cited by 48 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…29,30 The time series plot shows that this factor contains several peaks from November to March. Although, Pb was eliminated from gasoline in Bangladesh beginning in July 1999, there still may be substantial accumulated lead in the dust near roadways.…”

Section: Coarse Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Sources of Atmospheric Aerosol at a Hot Spot Area in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Begum

Biswas

Kim

et al. 2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Samples of fine and coarse fractions of airborne particulate matter were collected at the Farm Gate area in Dhaka from July 2001 to March 2002. Dhaka is a hot spot area with very high pollutant concentrations because of the proximity of major roadways. The samples were collected using a "Gent" stacked filter unit in two fractions of 0-to 2.2-m and 2.2-to 10-m sizes. The samples were analyzed for elemental concentrations by particle-induced X-ray excitation (PIXE) and for black carbon by reflectivity methods, respectively. The data were analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) to identify the possible sources of atmospheric aerosols in this area. Six sources were found for both the coarse and fine PM fractions. The data sets were also analyzed by an expanded model to explore additional sources. Seven and six factors were obtained for coarse and fine PM fractions, respectively, in these analyses. The identified sources are motor vehicle, soil dust, emissions from construction activities, sea salt, biomass burning/brick kiln, resuspended/fugitive Pb, and two-stroke engines. From the expanded modeling, ϳ50% of the total PM 2.2 mass can be attributed to motor vehicles, including two-stroke engine vehicle in this hot spot in Dhaka, whereas the PMF modeling indicates that 45% of the total PM 2.2 mass is from motor vehicles. The PMF2 and expanded models could resolve ϳ4% and 3% of the total PM 2.2 mass as resuspended/fugitive Pb, respectively. Although, Pb has been eliminated from gasoline in Bangladesh since July 1999, there still may be substantial amounts of accumulated lead in the dust near roadways as well as fugitive Pb emissions from battery reclaimation and other industries. Soil dust is the largest component of the coarse particle fraction (PM 2.2-10 ) accounting for ϳ71% of the total PM 2.2-10 mass in the expanded model, whereas from the PMF modeling, the dust (undifferentiated) contribution is ϳ49%.

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Section: Coarse Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Sources of Atmospheric Aerosol at a Hot Spot Area in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Begum

Biswas

Kim

et al. 2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T Arditsoglou and Samara., 2005b Enamorado-Báez et al, 2015c Belamri et al, 2009d Anoop et al, 2007e Bandhu et al, 2000f Malandrino et al, 2013 It is clear from the results provided in Table 5 that concentrations levels in Draria city are lower than those measured in other regions; the exception being the values of Zn and Fe at Copenhagen (Denmark) (Anoop et al, 2007). The mean value of Fe is more than 780 times higher than in Copenhagen, but 3 times lower than in Mombay (India), Algiers (Algeria) (Belamri et al, 2009), Seville (Spain) (Enamorado-Báez et al, 2015) and Pristina (Cosovo) (Arditsoglou and Samara., 2005) and 2 times lower than in Turin (Italy) (Malandrino et al, 2013).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of aerosol trace element concentrations nearby Algiers for environmental monitoring using instrumental neutron activation analysis

Bouhila

Mouzai

Azli

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Research

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“…Thus, during combustion, Zn is emitted from engines, especially two-strokes (motorcycles). Zn could also be contributed from galvanized materials, tire wire, and the use of zinc compounds in rubber production (Bandhu et al, 2000). The time series plot shows the relatively higher contribution in the winter and premonsoon season while the CPF plot presents the influence of northwesterly and easterly winds.…”

Section: Coarse Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors are attributed to biomass burning=brick kiln, soil dust, road dust, Zn source, motor vehicles, CNG vehicles, and sea salt sources, respectively. The first source may be presented as biomass burning= brick kiln characterized by OMH, BC, and K (Fergussion and Kim, 1991;Azad and Kitada, 1998;Bandhu et al, 2000;Young et al, 2002). Since bricks are the main material for building construction in Chittagong, many brickfields that use coal and wood as their primary fuels and operate only in low rainfall season have developed around Chittagong.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification of Chittagong Aerosol by Receptor Modeling

Begum

Biswas

Nasiruddin³

et al. 2009

Environmental Engineering Science

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Samples of fine and coarse airborne particulate matter (PM) were collected between February and July 2007 at the Continuous Air Monitoring Station (CAMS) in Chittagong, the second largest city in Bangladesh. Samples were collected using a dichotomous sampler in two fractions of <2.5 mm (fine) and 2.5 to 10 mm (coarse). Samples were analyzed for elemental concentrations by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE), hydrogen by proton elastic scattering analysis (PESA), and black carbon by reflectometry. Elemental data sets together with black carbon were analyzed by positive matrix factorization to identify the possible sources of mass for the coarse and fine PM fractions. Best solutions were found to be six and seven factors for elemental compositions for coarse and fine fractions at the CAMS at Chittagong, respectively. Sources were identified as biomass burning=brick kiln, soil dust, road dust, Zn source (including two-stroke motorcycles), motor vehicle, CNG vehicle, and sea salt. The PMF results show that about 35.5% of PM 2.5 mass at this site comes from biomass burning. The second largest contribution of fine PM comes from motor vehicle including CNG vehicles. The third one is a Zn source that includes emissions from two-stroke vehicles and galvanizing factories with vehicles, probably the larger contributor of the two source types. In case of coarse PM, about 40% of PM 2.5-10 mass comes from soil dust including road dust.

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Elemental composition and sources of air pollution in the city of Chandigarh, India, using EDXRF and PIXE techniques

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Investigation of Sources of Atmospheric Aerosol at a Hot Spot Area in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Investigation of Sources of Atmospheric Aerosol at a Hot Spot Area in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Investigation of aerosol trace element concentrations nearby Algiers for environmental monitoring using instrumental neutron activation analysis

Source Identification of Chittagong Aerosol by Receptor Modeling

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