Elemental characterization and source identification of size resolved atmospheric particles in French classrooms

Tran, Dinh Trinh; Alleman, L.; Coddeville, P.; Galloo, J.-C.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.021

Cited by 67 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The reported PM values in this study are also higher than those found in the literature regarding university buildings. For example, the day-to-day PM 10 variation inside a lecture hall at a university in Hungary showed a rather similar trend as that observed here for Offices A1 and A2 reflecting the high concentrations on workdays' daytime and low concentration at nighttime and weekends (Salma et al, 2013 , respectively (Tran et al, 2012). Diapouli et al (2008) reported the 8-hour (between 08:00-16:00) PM 10 inside teachers' office (carpet, high occupancy, and allowed smoking) at a primary school in Athens had a mean value of 229 µg m -3…”

Section: Average Concentrations: Occupancy Versus Vacancysupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Even though many studies have investigated the IAQ inside a wide range of indoor environments, only few have been directed towards work environments, and even fewer towards educational classrooms and offices (Diapouli et al, 2008;Gaidajis and Angelakoglou, 2009;Tran et al, 2012;Salma et al, 2013). Besides that, the focus on the dynamic behavior and exposure to large particles has not been given sufficient attention inside such indoor environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization, Fate, and Re-Suspension of Aerosol Particles (0.3-10 µm): The Effects of Occupancy and Carpet Use

Hussein

Dada

Juwhari

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study we present the particle number size distribution (diameter 0.3-10 µm with 1-minute time resolution) inside four offices (naturally ventilated) inside two university buildings. Each office had a typical environment in terms of occupancy and furniture. We focused on the differences between workdays and weekends in terms of particle number (PN) and particle mass (PM, assuming spherical particles with unit density) concentrations. Moreover, we illustrated the effect of workers' activity (occupancy, smoking, etc.). We also applied a simple indoor aerosol model to estimate the fate (gravitational settling and exfiltration) and source strength of aerosol particles within the measured particle size range. During workdays, the highest measured 24-hour average PM 10-1 in the occupied office was 41.5 µg m -3 (PN 10-1 = 2.2 cm -3 ) compared to 9.0 µg m -3 (PN 10-1 = 1.2 cm -3 ) in the unoccupied offices. The ventilation rate of the offices that were opposite to each other was about 0.15 h -1 whereas it was 0.28-0.38 h -1 for the other offices, which were a bit distant from each other. The gravitational settling analysis suggested that a suitable particle density (ρ p ) could be ~1.7 g cm -3 with a shape factor χ ~1.57, which is similar to mineral dust particles. The gravitational settling rate of particles around 2 µm in diameter was about 0. ). This study provided us with an insight about the effect of occupancy and carpet use on the dynamic behavior (fate and resuspension) of dust particles inside university office buildings located in semi-arid regions.

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Section: Average Concentrations: Occupancy Versus Vacancysupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, Fate, and Re-Suspension of Aerosol Particles (0.3-10 µm): The Effects of Occupancy and Carpet Use

Hussein

Dada

Juwhari

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Particulate matter is one of the most important pollutants in indoor air. In spite of the various studies performed worldwide to assess the pupils' exposure to indoor particles, only a few aimed at characterising their chemical composition and most of them were mainly focused on the elemental content (e.g., Kuruvilla et al, 2007;Molnár et al, 2007;Stranger et al, 2008;Almeida et al, 2011;Tran et al, 2012). Comparatively almost nothing is known about the organic matter in particulate matter, which can encompass irritant, carcinogenic and/or mutagenic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor/Outdoor Relationships between PM10 and Associated Organic Compounds in a Primary School

Alves

Urban

Pegas

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Airborne particulate matter (PM 10 ) samples were collected daily, indoors and outdoors, in a primary school at Aveiro, Portugal, from February 28 to May 27, 2011. The carbonaceous content (organic and elemental carbon) was determined by a thermo-optical technique. The organic speciation of PM 10 was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mean PM 10 levels of 107 and 36 µg/m 3 were obtained in the schoolroom and outdoors, respectively. On average, organic carbon accounted for 30.0% of the mass of PM 10 indoors, whereas a lower mass fraction of 21.3% was found outdoors. The lack of correlation between indoor and outdoor organic carbon and the much higher indoor levels suggest significant contributions by indoor sources. The most abundant organic compound classes were acids, sugars, polyols and n-alkanes. Infiltration of outdoor particles leads to contamination of the schoolroom with vehicle emissions, as well as emissions related to the burning of biofuel in nearby restaurants and bakeries. However, the much higher indoor concentrations than in the outdoor air for the majority of compounds suggest that the origin of much of the particulate matter is from within the school building (due to school activities and materials, skin debris, microorganisms, and so on), and this also includes the formation of secondary organic aerosols. Based on the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a negligible cancer risk was estimated in relation to the air within the school.

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“…Children are especially vulnerable to air pollutants because their respiratory systems are not fully developed yet [34,35]. Many studies have demonstrated that elevated particulate matter (PM) concentrations in classrooms may have a significant adverse effect on children's health and performance [36,37]. However, there are only a limited number of studies concerning the chemical properties (e.g., OC and EC) of PM in school environments in China [38][39][40].This study therefore aims to (i) characterize the indoor and outdoor OC and EC concentrations in PM2.5 and PM0.25 (PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 0.25 μm) in Xi'an during the end of winter 2012 at a middle school; (ii) investigate SOC mass contribution to OC and the SOC sources; and (iii) apportion TC contributions from coal combustion, motor vehicle exhaust, secondary formation, and other primary emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Organic and Elemental Carbon in PM2.5 and PM0.25 in Indoor and Outdoor Environments of a Middle School: Secondary Formation of Organic Carbon and Sources Identification

Guinot

Shen

et al. 2015

Atmosphere

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Secondary organic carbon (SOC) formation and its effects on human health require better understanding in Chinese megacities characterized by a severe particulate OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2015, 6 362 pollution and robust economic reform. This study investigated organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5 and PM0.25 collected 8-20 March 2012. Samples were collected inside and outside a classroom in a middle school at Xi'an. On average, OC and EC accounted for 20%-30% of the particulate matter (PM) mass concentration. By applying the EC-tracer method, SOC's contribution to OC in both PM size fractions was demonstrated. The observed changes in SOC:OC ratios can be attributed to variations in the primary production processes, the photochemical reactions, the intensity of free radicals, and the meteorological conditions. Total carbon (TC) source apportionment by formula derivation showed that coal combustion, motor vehicle exhaust, and secondary formation were the major sources of carbonaceous aerosol. Coal combustion appeared to be the largest contributor to TC (50%), followed by motor vehicle exhaust (25%) and SOC (18%) in both size fractions.

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Elemental characterization and source identification of size resolved atmospheric particles in French classrooms

Cited by 67 publications

References 31 publications

Characterization, Fate, and Re-Suspension of Aerosol Particles (0.3-10 µm): The Effects of Occupancy and Carpet Use

Characterization, Fate, and Re-Suspension of Aerosol Particles (0.3-10 µm): The Effects of Occupancy and Carpet Use

Indoor/Outdoor Relationships between PM10 and Associated Organic Compounds in a Primary School

Characteristics of Organic and Elemental Carbon in PM2.5 and PM0.25 in Indoor and Outdoor Environments of a Middle School: Secondary Formation of Organic Carbon and Sources Identification

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