Elemental Analysis of Fossil Fuels and Related Materials

Abstract

Description Sixteen comprehensive chapters cover the importance of elemental analysis of fossil fuels, analytical techniques, basic analytical protocols, and proficiency testing programs for elemental analysis. Includes the latest information on the analysis of:

Elemental Analysis of Crude Oils Using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

“…Particularly for crude oil, most of the methods use some type of sample preparation followed by spectroscopic measurements. 1,4 Advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of these methods have been reported recently. 5−8 The use of conventional wet acid digestion methods is the most common choice today for trace elemental analysis of hydrocarbons using as detection technique inductively coupled plasma technology, OES/AES (optical emission spectroscopy/atomic emission spectroscopy; which effectively represent the same method and technology), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instruments.…”

“…Trace elemental analysis in the petroleum industry is crucial because the presence of metals and nonmetals in crude oils can impact the whole business from the production, the refinery, and up to the consumer. For example, nickel, vanadium, arsenic, and lead act as catalyst poisons during refinery operations; the presence of vanadium in fuel could result in formation of corrosive compounds during combustion; volatile organometallic compounds could be contaminants in the distillate fraction; and the presence of nitrogen and sulfur compounds in engine fuels could negatively impact the environment. , Knowing the nature of trace elements present in crude oils is the link between its formation from basins and its refinement into final products . A clear understanding of the true nature of the role trace metals play in petroleum production will allow for faster progress in the petroleum business.…”

“…Metals analysis is a routine practice in petroleum laboratories, and various strategies have been developed to fulfill the need to handle solid, aqueous, and organic matrices. Particularly for crude oil, most of the methods use some type of sample preparation followed by spectroscopic measurements. , Advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of these methods have been reported recently. − The use of conventional wet acid digestion methods is the most common choice today for trace elemental analysis of hydrocarbons using as detection technique inductively coupled plasma technology, OES/AES (optical emission spectroscopy/atomic emission spectroscopy; which effectively represent the same method and technology), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instruments. ,− From here on in this work and for the easiness of our discussion, ICP-OES and ICP-AES will represent the same thing.…”