Elemental analyses of crassulacean acid metabolism plant tissue

Mathur, D. D.; Natarella, N. J.; Vines, H. M.

doi:10.1080/00103627809366794

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The high level for Ca may reflect the accumulation of calcium oxalate, which is known to occur in cacti (e.g., Bailey, 1965;Darling, 1976). A study on Zygocactus truncatus and five other CAM species (Mathur et al, 1978) indicated considerably higher levels for K, Na, P, Zn, and B than found here for cacti, e.g., Z.…”

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confidence: 62%

“…Bryophyllum tubiflorum) when this species exhibits nocturnal CO 2 uptake (Brownell and Crossland, 1974). For K. tubiflora, Sedum telephium, and S. telephoides, CalK averaged 0.77 when the plants exhibited CAM metabolism and increased to 1.23 under environmental conditions which prevented CAM metabolism (Mathur, Natarella and Vines, 1978). Calcium can be high in certain CAM plants, being 1.5 to 3.5 times the level of K (on a mass basis) for K. daigremontiana (Phillips and Jennings, 1976).…”

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confidence: 97%

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Nutrient Levels in Cacti—relation to Nocturnal Acid Accumulation and Growth

Nobel

1983

American J of Botany

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The levels often essential nutrients and Na in the chlorenchyma and subjacent parenchyma of ten species of cacti were measured along with the maximal rates of nocturnal acid accumulation. Nutrient levels varied considerably among species; also, soil differences between sites affected levels within Opuntia ficus-indica and O. ch/orotica. Compared to most agronomic plants, chlorenchyma levels of Ca, Mg, and Mn in cacti tended to be higher and Na lower. Moreover, Ca tended to accumulate in the chlorenchyma with age. The strongest correlation between nutrient level and a metabolic process for the II elements tested was with N, where nocturnal acid accumulation tended to be greater when the N level in the chlorenchyma was higher (r' = 0.39). Hydroponically grown seedlings of Carnegiea gigantea, Ferocactus acanthodes, and Trichocereus chi/ensis responded to N fertilization, reaching about 90% of their maximal growth rates when provided with N at O.25X that in Hoagland's solution (namely, 4 mM nitrate). Nocturnal acid accumulation was negatively correlated with the chlorenchyma Na (r' = 0.32), which averaged only 28 ppm for O. ficus-indica (the root contained considerably more) and 234 ppm for the other species. Growth of seedlings was 50% reduced at about 100 mM NaCI for F. acanthodes, T. chi/ensis, and C. gigantea, while variations in P had a relatively small effect.

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confidence: 97%

Nutrient Levels in Cacti—relation to Nocturnal Acid Accumulation and Growth

Nobel

1983

American J of Botany

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“…Kalanchoe blossfeldiana plants grown on the constant-N solution culture (control plants) had a CO2 exchange pattern of the weak-CAM type (8), whereas the plants transferred to Ndeficient conditions (N-deficient plants) for 4 or 10 weeks had larger net CO2 uptake during the night and less during the day and had a stronger CAM type pattern (Fig. 1, A-D plants in the 10-week culture was larger than that in the 4-week culture although nocturnal CO2 uptake rate of control plants grew larger as plants aged (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of CAM Photosynthesis in Kalanchoë blossfeldiana by Transferring to Nitrogen-Deficient Conditions

Ota¹

1988

Plant Physiol.

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Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. cv Hikan plants were grown hydroponically with nutrient solution containing 5 millimolar NO3-(or NH4+) for 1 to 2 months and then transferred to nutrient solution containing no nitrogen. CO2 uptake at night, nocturnal increase in titratable acidity, and activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase increased after the transfer. Thus, transfer to nitrogen-deficient conditions stimulates Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM photosynthesis) in K. blossfeldiana. The importance of the plant nitrogen status (nitrogen-withdrawal status) for induction and stimulation of CAM photosynthesis is discussed.

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“…Because K+ is the major inorganic ion in these leaves (13) and because KOH was used to generate the titration curves (Fig. 2), the differences in ionic environment between the intact leaf and the malic acid solutions should be minimal.…”

Section: C Nmr Study Of Cam In Intact Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Intact Leaves of Kalanchoë tubiflora

Stidham¹,

Moreland²,

Siedow³

1983

Plant Physiol.

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'3C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of intact leaves of Kalanchoe tubiflora was used to observe Crassulacean acid metabolism in vivo.13C signals from C4 of malate were observed after overnight exposure of leaves to '3CO2. Illumination of the labeled leaves resulted in a gradual decrease in the malate signals. After a period of darkness in normal air, '3C signals were detected in all four carbons of malate in the previously labeled leaves. The '3C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of malate in solution was pH dependent, which allowed an estimation ofthe vacuolar pH from the whole leaf spectrum. The pH was 4.0 following a 14-hour dark period, but rose to greater than 6.0 after 6 hours of illumination.The application of NMR2 spectroscopy to intact tissue has been a major innovation in the study of cellular metabolism. 'H, 13C, '5N, and 31P NMR of intact tissue and cell suspensions has provided information on pH, metabolite levels and compartmentation, reaction rates, and pathway fluxes within living cells (for reviews, see 4,16,22). Studies of plant tissue by NMR have included 3P NMR of root tips (6,7,17,18) to the dark incubation period. About 15 leaves (5 g total fresh weight) were placed in two 10-ml beakers with the petioles submerged in water. The beakers were then placed in a I-L vacuum flask that contained 100 mg Ba'3CO3 (90% isotope enrichment, Stohler Isotope Chemicals) in a third 10-ml beaker. The air in the flask was replaced with C02-free air by evacuating the flask and then equilibrating the pressure in the flask with air that was drawn through a 20-cm column of Ascarite. Five ml of 50% lactic acid was then added to the Ba'3CO3 with a syringe to generate the '3CO2. The flask was sealed and placed in the dark in a 15°C incubation chamber. After overnight (14 h) incubation, the beakers with the leaves were removed from the flask and placed in the light (320 ME/m2'. s) in a 30°C incubation chamber.Leaf samples (-1 g) were removed at various times for '3C NMR analysis. The leaves were placed in 10-mm NMR tubes and submerged in 2H20. A 0.5-mm capillary containing acetone was inserted to provide a reference peak. Proton noise-decoupled '3C NMR at 22.5 MHz was performed on a JEOL FX9OQ FT-NMR spectrometer at 25C. A 36°pulse angle and a 3.82-s repetition rate were used to maximize signal-to-noise from the slowly relaxing carboxyl atoms (T, _ 7.5 s). Natural abundance 13C NMR spectra of malic acid were recorded using 0.5 M malic acid in H20 and titrated with KOH. A coaxial insert containing 2H20 provided a lock signal in these measurements. All chemical shifts were relative to tetramethylsilane and referenced to the acetone methyl signals (30.6 ,g/g).Following NMR spectroscopy of the intact tissue, the leaves were frozen. Later, an aqueous extract ofthe leaves was prepared following the method of Martin et al.(1 1). The extracts were titrated to pH 7.0 with 10 mN KOH and then lyophilized.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure la shows the natural abundance '3C NMR spectrum of malic acid and the reson...

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Elemental analyses of crassulacean acid metabolism plant tissue

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Nutrient Levels in Cacti—relation to Nocturnal Acid Accumulation and Growth

Nutrient Levels in Cacti—relation to Nocturnal Acid Accumulation and Growth

Stimulation of CAM Photosynthesis in Kalanchoë blossfeldiana by Transferring to Nitrogen-Deficient Conditions

¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Intact Leaves of Kalanchoë tubiflora

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Elemental analyses of crassulacean acid metabolism plant tissue

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Nutrient Levels in Cacti—relation to Nocturnal Acid Accumulation and Growth

Nutrient Levels in Cacti—relation to Nocturnal Acid Accumulation and Growth

Stimulation of CAM Photosynthesis in Kalanchoë blossfeldiana by Transferring to Nitrogen-Deficient Conditions

13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Intact Leaves of Kalanchoë tubiflora

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¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Intact Leaves of Kalanchoë tubiflora