Element-specific magnetic hysteresis as a means for studying heteromagnetic multilayers

Chen, C. T.; Idzerda, Y. U.; Lin, Hong‐Ji; Meigs, G.; Chaiken, A.; Prinz, G. A.; Ho, Grace H.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.48.642

Cited by 135 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…55,56 In some studies, the element-specific hysteresis loops of the investigated systems have been extracted. 49,50,[57][58][59][60][61][62] The limited number of publications originates from the difficulty of measuring the hysteresis loops, which requires high photon flux combined with high beam stability. The element selectivity of XMCD allows separating the V and Co contributions to the magnetic behavior in our structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interface effects, magnetic, and magneto-optical properties ofAl∕Co∕V∕MgO(100)structures

Huttel

Clavero²,

Laan

et al. 2008

Phys. Rev. B

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The magnetic and magneto-optical properties of Al/ Co/ V / MgO͑100͒ structures and the influence of the Co/ V interface for different thicknesses of the Co and V layers have been studied experimentally. From the element-specific hysteresis loops obtained by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism ͑XMCD͒ at the Co and V L 3 edges we find that the V layers are magnetically polarized antiparallel to the Co layers and that magnetization reversal occurs at the same magnetic field in both layers. The effect of the V atomic volume and the relative thicknesses of V and Co layers on the magnetic moments of the V and Co atoms are also studied. Contrary to what might be expected, the atomic magnetic moments of the V and Co atoms do not depend on the V atomic volume, however they depend strongly on the thicknesses of the V and Co layers. From the trend in the Co and V atomic magnetic moments as a function of Co and V thicknesses and the absence of any spectroscopic evidence for the formation of a VCo alloy, a long-range spin polarization of the V atoms is proposed. The extracted magneto-optical ͑MO͒ constants of V and Co as a function of photon energy clearly evidence a large amount of polarization in the V films in agreement with the XMCD results, which is indicative of the magnetic coupling between Co and V. The experimental MO results and simulations also show the strong influence of these polarized V layers in the MO properties of the complete system. These results, given the absence of spectroscopic evidence for the formation of a VCo alloy, support a long-range magnetization of the V atoms and a reduction of the Co atomic magnetic moments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By cross-checking the obtained scans the artificial magnetic background in the dichroic spectra could be suppressed ͑or at least strongly diminished͒ as explained elsewhere. 49,50 No additional manipulation of the experimental data was performed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface effects, magnetic, and magneto-optical properties ofAl∕Co∕V∕MgO(100)structures

Huttel

Clavero²,

Laan

et al. 2008

Phys. Rev. B

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“…The theoretical tools for analyzing various surface morphologies are well advanced [7][8][9][10]. Recent advances in x-ray techniques have applied this structural formalism to the study of magnetically rough systems [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Nevertheless, the problem of quantifying magnetic roughness remains difficult primarily due to the indirect and complicated nature of the spin-photon interaction [18,19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantification of Magnetic Domain Disorder and Correlations in Antiferromagnetically Coupled Multilayers by Neutron Reflectometry

et al. 2000

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The in-plane correlation lengths and magnetic disorder of magnetic domains in a transition metal multilayer have been studied using neutron scattering techniques. A new theoretical framework is presented connecting the observed scattering to the in-plane correlation length and the dispersion of the local magnetization vector about the mean macroscopic direction. The results unambiguously show the highly correlated nature of the antiferromagnetically coupled domain structure vertically throughout the multilayer. We are easily able to relate the neutron determined magnetic dispersion and domain correlations to magnetization and magnetotransport experiments. 75.25.+z, 75.50.Cn, 75.70.Pa The interplanar coupling and in-plane magnetic domains are essential to an understanding of the origin of the large giant magnetoresistance effect (GMR) [1] in magnetically coupled multilayers. This coupled with the advances in thin film deposition techniques [2] has led to a huge interest in magnetic multilayer systems specifically with respect to their device application possibilities. The GMR effect arises from the antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling of typically a transition metal ferromagnet (e.g. Co) across a noble metal non-magnetic spacer (e.g. Cu). This AF coupling can be realized by tuning the noble metal spacer thickness [3]. The change in resistivity results from the spin dependent scattering of the conduction electrons which depends not only on the magnetic moment alignment but also on the interfacial disorder [4] and the magnetic domain structure. Until recently the question of the relationship between magnetic domain structure and interlayer coupling has not been explored experimentally. It is clear that a vertically incoherent magnetic domain structure will have the effect of lowering the GMR by preventing perfect AF alignment in adjacent layers [5]. In studies of a weakly coupled system such as [Cu(60Å)/Co(60Å)]×20 it was shown that the reduction in the GMR from the as-prepared state to the coercive state can be understood as a loss of vertical coherence of the AF coupling [6]. The situation is different in the strongly coupled samples investigated here, the results of which clearly show magnetically correlated domains at the coercive field which extend vertically throughout the entire multilayer.The investigation of structurally rough interfaces is well established and makes use of diffuse x-ray scattering techniques. The theoretical tools for analyzing various surface morphologies are well advanced [7][8][9][10]. Recent advances in x-ray techniques have applied this structural formalism to the study of magnetically rough systems [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Nevertheless, the problem of quantifying magnetic roughness remains difficult primarily due to the indirect and complicated nature of the spin-photon interaction [18,19]. This problem can be resolved by neutron techniques for which the direct interaction between the neutron's dipole moment and the sample magnetization is well understood.In this letter we have p...

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“…As shown in Figure Finally, to determine the nature of the ferromagnetism in these materials, we used X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) on the Co L 2,3 -edges. XMCD is an element specific t echnique with strong magnetic contrast that has been successfully employed to measure induced magnetic moments [18], identify element specific magnetic ordering [19], acquire element specific magnetic hysteresis loops [20], and determine individually the orbital [21] and spin [22] contributions to the overall moment of an element [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of CoxTi1−xO2 thin films deposited by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

McClure

Kayani

Idzerda

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physics

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This paper deals with the growth and characterization of ferromagnetic cobalt doped TiO 2 thin films deposited by liquid precursor metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using a new combination of the source materials Co(TMHD) 3 , tetrahydrofuran (THF), and titanium isopropoxide (TIP).An array of experiments reveals the intrinsic ferromagnetic nature of the grown films, and suggests that the magnetism is not generated by oxygen vacancies.

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Element-specific magnetic hysteresis as a means for studying heteromagnetic multilayers

Cited by 135 publications

References 23 publications

Interface effects, magnetic, and magneto-optical properties ofAl∕Co∕V∕MgO(100)structures

Interface effects, magnetic, and magneto-optical properties ofAl∕Co∕V∕MgO(100)structures

Quantification of Magnetic Domain Disorder and Correlations in Antiferromagnetically Coupled Multilayers by Neutron Reflectometry

Characteristics of CoxTi1−xO2 thin films deposited by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

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